CHST15 Gene

HGNC Family	Sulfotransferases
Name	carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O) sulfotransferase 15
Description	Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan which is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix and which links to proteins to form proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) is an isomer of chondroitin sulfate in which the C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups are sulfated. This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a sulfotransferase to transfer sulfate to the C-6 hydroxal group of chondroitin sulfate. This gene has also been identified as being co-expressed with RAG1 in B-cells and as potentially acting as a B-cell surface signaling receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CHST15 is a carbohydrate sulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfation of chondroitin sulfate chains to produce the highly sulfated CS‐E isoform, a modification that has been implicated in promoting tumor progression. In breast cancer cells, for example, CHST15 expression is directly regulated by the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR and is essential for imparting an invasive phenotype by programming the cell surface glycosaminoglycan profile, thereby facilitating tumor cell invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Upregulation of CHST15 has also been linked to poor clinical outcomes and increased colony and mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells in which CHST15 expression is enhanced in response to oncogenic signals."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its role in breast cancer, CHST15 is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where its activity supports tumor cell proliferation through mechanisms that involve suppression of cell cycle inhibitors such as p21; silencing CHST15 markedly reduces tumor growth in vitro and in vivo."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Similarly, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, knockdown of CHST15 not only inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis but also modulates key signaling axes (involving ILKAP/CCND1 and RABL6/PMAIP1) that drive tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In ovarian adenocarcinomas, the presence of CS‐E epitopes—whose biosynthesis is catalyzed by CHST15—correlates with tumor-specific alterations in the extracellular matrix that may influence ligand binding (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) and thereby support tumor vascularization and aggressiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings underscore a pivotal role for CHST15 in regulating the sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate chains, a process that modulates tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and proliferation. As such, the CHST15–CS‐E axis represents a promising therapeutic target across multiple cancer types.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liang-Chih Liu, Yuan-Liang Wang, Pei-Le Lin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes invasion of breast cancer cells through chondroitin sulfotransferase CHST15."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.32319"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32319"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30963568"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30963568"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joji Iida, Jesse Dorchak, Rebecca Clancy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role for chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan in NEDD9-mediated breast cancer cell growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25445787"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25445787"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kazuki Takakura, Yuichiro Shibazaki, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Growth of Pancreatic Cancer by Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 In Vitro and in a Xenograft Model."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0142981"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142981"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26642349"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26642349"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Wang, Guowei Cheng, Tao Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CHST15 promotes the proliferation of TE‑1 cells via multiple pathways in esophageal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2019.7395"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7395"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31746400"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31746400"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gerdy B ten Dam, Els M A van de Westerlo, Anurag Purushothaman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antibody GD3G7 selected against embryonic glycosaminoglycans defines chondroitin sulfate-E domains highly up-regulated in ovarian cancer and involved in vascular endothelial growth factor binding."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Pathol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2353/ajpath.2007.070111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2007.070111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17717144"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17717144"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	BRAG, GALNAC4S-6ST
Proteins	CHSTF_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	51363
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CHST15 has 7,883 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 115 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CHST15 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CHST15 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CHST15 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CHST15 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CHST15 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CHST15 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CHST15 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CHST15 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CHST15 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CHST15 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CHST15 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CHST15 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CHST15 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CHST15 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CHST15 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHST15 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CHST15 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CHST15 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CHST15 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CHST15 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CHST15 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHST15 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CHST15 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CHST15 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CHST15 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CHST15 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CHST15 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CHST15 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CHST15 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with CHST15 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CHST15 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of CHST15 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of CHST15 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.