{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CHST3 encodes chondroitin‐6‐sulfotransferase‐1 (C6ST‐1), an enzyme that transfers sulfate groups onto chondroitin to form chondroitin sulfate—a major glycosaminoglycan component of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix. Proper sulfation of chondroitin by CHST3 is crucial for normal cartilage synthesis and structural integrity, and its activity underpins skeletal development and overall extracellular matrix function. In several independent studies, loss‐of‐function mutations or reduced CHST3 expression have been linked to a spectrum of skeletal dysplasias – including recessive forms of Larsen syndrome, humero‐spinal dysostosis, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia – in which aberrant proteoglycan sulfation compromises cartilage homeostasis and joint integrity (2,3,4,5,6). In addition, altered CHST3 expression has been implicated in lumbar disc degeneration, where a risk allele that enhances microRNA binding leads to reduced enzyme expression and predisposition to disc pathology (1). Beyond its developmental roles, CHST3‐mediated sulfation also influences the properties of the tumor cell surface and extracellular matrix, thereby affecting cell adhesion and metastasis, and it appears to modulate inflammatory processes in pulmonary conditions – as inhibition of CHST3 via small interfering RNA alleviated tissue destruction in emphysema models (7). Finally, the enzyme’s function is harnessed in biotechnological strategies designed to produce specific chondroitin sulfate isomers for therapeutic purposes, underscoring its centrality in both physiological and applied biomedical contexts (8)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, emerging data suggest that changes in CHST3 expression may also have implications in the regulation of immune cell interactions in inflamed tissues, as underscored by nominal genetic associations in studies of pulmonary pathologies (9).\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n (1)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (2)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (3)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (4)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (5)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (6)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (7)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (8)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; (9)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "You-Qiang Song, Tatsuki Karasugi, Kenneth M C Cheung, et al. 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