{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Centrosomal proteins are key organizers of microtubule nucleation, centriole integrity, spindle assembly, and ciliary formation. Although the specific protein CNTLN (“centlein”) is not described in every study below, its function—as inferred from work on similarly acting centrosomal regulators—is to help maintain centrosome cohesion and proper microtubule organization, thereby ensuring accurate cell‐cycle progression and ciliary biogenesis. In many contexts, proteins such as CEP290, CEP164, Cep192, and CEP135 have been shown to localize to centrosomes and, in some cases, to the connecting region of primary cilia; they guide centriole duplication, facilitate the recruitment of pericentriolar material, and regulate the docking of vesicles required for ciliary assembly."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, the roles of CEP164 in vesicle docking and of CEP290 in ciliary transport and Rab8a recruitment highlight how centrosomal proteins integrate cytoskeletal dynamics with membrane trafficking to promote ciliogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CNTLN, as a centrosomal component, is expected to operate in parallel with these regulators. By contributing to the structural integrity of centrosomes, CNTLN likely assists in organizing microtubule arrays that are essential for both bipolar spindle formation during mitosis and the maintenance of ciliary signaling platforms. In this way, CNTLN helps safeguard proper centrosome maturation, centriole duplication and, consequently, genomic stability. Disruption of this function—much like what is observed with mutations in other centrosomal proteins implicated in ciliopathies, retinal degeneration and microcephaly—can trigger defects in spindle assembly, abnormal cell‐cycle progression, and impaired ciliogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, CNTLN is anticipated to act as a functional partner in the centrosomal network, contributing to the assembly of the pericentriolar material, ensuring proper centriole pairing and microtubule anchoring, and by extension, coordinating cell division with the assembly and maintenance of primary cilia. Perturbations in CNTLN function would thereby be expected to impact key cellular processes—phenomena similarly observed when other centrosomal proteins are altered—leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations that include ciliopathies and microcephaly.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anneke I den Hollander, Robert K Koenekoop, Suzanne Yzer, et al. 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