CPT1A Gene

Name	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)
Description	The mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids is initiated by the sequential action of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (which is located in the outer membrane and is detergent-labile) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (which is located in the inner membrane and is detergent-stable), together with a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase. CPT I is the key enzyme in the carnitine-dependent transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane and its deficiency results in a decreased rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key, rate‐limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of long‐chain acyl–coenzyme A into acyl–carnitine, thereby controlling the mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids for β‐oxidation. In immune cells, for example, ligation of PD‑1 leads to increased CPT1A expression and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, a metabolic reprogramming that supports T‐cell longevity and restrains effector differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " At the post‐transcriptional level, CPT1A expression is subject to regulation by microRNAs such as miR‑33a/b, which target CPT1A to modulate fatty acid oxidation and thereby impact cholesterol homeostasis and insulin responsiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " As the liver isoform, CPT1A is ubiquitously expressed and is tightly regulated through multiple layers—including genetic, epigenetic, physiological, and nutritional mechanisms—ensuring proper balance between lipid oxidation and storage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of cancer, particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma, CPT1A is directly repressed by hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF1/2), which diminishes fatty acid mitochondrial entry and shunts lipids into storage droplets, a process that has significant implications for tumor growth and patient outcome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in colorectal cancer cells, upregulation of CPT1A promotes fatty acid oxidation that facilitates resistance to anoikis by enhancing reactive oxygen species elimination, thereby contributing to increased metastatic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, cellular signaling via the PI3K–Akt pathway can suppress CPT1A expression to attenuate β‑oxidation during growth factor–replete states, underscoring its role as a metabolic switch during anabolic versus catabolic conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, epigenetic regulation of CPT1A—such as altered DNA methylation within its gene locus—has been robustly associated with variations in fasting lipid profiles in humans, and hepatic CPT1A expression is also affected in disease states like hepatitis C virus infection, which compromises PPARα signaling and lipid oxidation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nikolaos Patsoukis, Kankana Bardhan, Pranam Chatterjee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PD-1 alters T-cell metabolic reprogramming by inhibiting glycolysis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms7692"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7692"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25809635"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25809635"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alberto Dávalos, Leigh Goedeke, Peter Smibert, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-33a/b contribute to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1102281108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102281108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21576456"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21576456"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicola Longo, Marta Frigeni, Marzia Pasquali "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26828774"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26828774"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weinan Du, Luchang Zhang, Adina Brett-Morris, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HIF drives lipid deposition and cancer in ccRCC via repression of fatty acid metabolism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-017-01965-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01965-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29176561"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29176561"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ying-Nan Wang, Zhao-Lei Zeng, Jiahuan Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation promotes colorectal cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting anoikis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-018-0384-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0384-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29995871"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29995871"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ralph J Deberardinis, Julian J Lum, Craig B Thompson "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent modulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A expression regulates lipid metabolism during hematopoietic cell growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M608372200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M608372200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17030509"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17030509"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marguerite R Irvin, Degui Zhi, Roby Joehanes, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenome-wide association study of fasting blood lipids in the Genetics of Lipid-lowering Drugs and Diet Network study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circulation (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009158"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009158"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24920721"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24920721"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sébastien Dharancy, Mathilde Malapel, Gabriel Perlemuter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impaired expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha during hepatitis C virus infection."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15685545"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15685545"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	CPT1-L, CPT1, L-CPT1
Proteins	CPT1A_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1374
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CPT1A has 24,100 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 131 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CPT1A from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CPT1A Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving CPT1A protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CPT1A gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CPT1A gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with CPT1A protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CPT1A gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CPT1A gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CPT1A gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CPT1A gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CPT1A gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with CPT1A gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CPT1A gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CPT1A protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CPT1A protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CPT1A protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CPT1A protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CPT1A protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CPT1A protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CPT1A gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CPT1A gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CPT1A gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CPT1A gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with CPT1A gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CPT1A protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CPT1A gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving CPT1A gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CPT1A gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CPT1A gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CPT1A gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CPT1A gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for CPT1A protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CPT1A gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.