CRIM1 Gene

Name	cysteine rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1 (chordin-like)
Description	This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing six cysteine-rich repeat domains and an insulin-like growth factor-binding domain. The encoded protein may play a role in tissue development though interactions with members of the transforming growth factor beta family, such as bone morphogenetic proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CRIM1 encodes a type I transmembrane protein characterized by six von Willebrand‐like, cysteine‐rich repeats that enable it to bind specific growth factors and thereby modulate their bioavailability and activity. In several studies, CRIM1 has been shown to interact with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), such as BMP4 and BMP7, within the secretory pathway—binding these factors in the Golgi and at the cell surface—which leads to reduced maturation and extracellular release of BMPs, effectively acting as a BMP antagonist."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition, CRIM1 plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor–A (VEGF‐A) delivery. This function is critical for the proper development of kidney glomeruli and coronary vasculature, as CRIM1 tethers VEGF‐A to the cell surface to facilitate its controlled presentation to adjacent endothelial cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its role in growth factor modulation, CRIM1 is involved in cell adhesion and signal integration during tissue morphogenesis. For example, in the developing lens and neural tissues, CRIM1 helps regulate epithelial polarity, integrin‐mediated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, and even directs axonal targeting of corticospinal neurons, thereby influencing both ocular development and the establishment of precise neuronal circuits."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CRIM1’s function is also pertinent to disease processes. Alterations in its expression—either as complete or hypomorphic loss, or in the form of alternatively spliced circular RNAs—have been linked to cancer progression, where dysregulated CRIM1 can affect cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and even chemoresistance. In some renal carcinoma models, for instance, reduced CRIM1 levels have been associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and increased metastatic capacity, whereas in other cellular contexts CRIM1 expression contributes to angiogenesis by modulating VEGF receptor activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, mutations in CRIM1 have been implicated in ocular disorders such as pterygium, highlighting its role in maintaining proper cell differentiation and migration in the eye."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Complementary studies in cardiac development further support CRIM1’s function in regulating epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and the proliferation and differentiation of epicardium‐derived cells, thereby contributing to proper myocardial formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, reviews discussing its broader impact in organogenesis and tumorigenesis underscore CRIM1 as a versatile regulator of growth factor processing, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis with significant developmental and pathological implications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lorine Wilkinson, Gabriel Kolle, Daying Wen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CRIM1 regulates the rate of processing and delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins to the cell surface."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M301247200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M301247200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12805376"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12805376"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lorine Wilkinson, Thierry Gilbert, Genevieve Kinna, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crim1KST264/KST264 mice implicate Crim1 in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A activity during glomerular vascular development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Am Soc Nephrol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1681/ASN.2006091012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2006091012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17460146"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17460146"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David J Pennisi, Lorine Wilkinson, Gabriel Kolle, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crim1KST264/KST264 mice display a disruption of the Crim1 gene resulting in perinatal lethality with defects in multiple organ systems."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Dyn (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/dvdy.21015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17106887"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17106887"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jieqing Fan, Virgilio G Ponferrada, Tomohito Sato, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crim1 maintains retinal vascular stability during development by regulating endothelial cell Vegfa autocrine signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.097949"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.097949"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24353059"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24353059"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jens Glienke, Andrea Sturz, Andreas Menrad, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CRIM1 is involved in endothelial cell capillary formation in vitro and is expressed in blood vessels in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mech Dev (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00355-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00355-6) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12464430"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12464430"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu Leng Phua, Nick Martel, David J Pennisi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Distinct sites of renal fibrosis in Crim1 mutant mice arise from multiple cellular origins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Pathol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/path.4155"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4155"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23224993"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23224993"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ying Zhang, Jieqing Fan, Joshua W K Ho, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crim1 regulates integrin signaling in murine lens development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.125591"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.125591"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26681494"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26681494"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vibhu Sahni, Yasuhiro Itoh, Sara J Shnider, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crim1 and Kelch-like 14 exert complementary dual-directional developmental control over segmentally specific corticospinal axon projection targeting."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109842"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109842"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34686337"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686337"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Filippo Beleggia, Yun Li, Jieqing Fan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CRIM1 haploinsufficiency causes defects in eye development in human and mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddu744"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu744"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25561690"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561690"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eleonora Maurizi, Davide Schiroli, Sarah D Atkinson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel role for CRIM1 in the corneal response to UV and pterygium development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Eye Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30365943"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365943"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Swati Iyer, Fang Yu Chou, Richard Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crim1 has cell-autonomous and paracrine roles during embryonic heart development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep19832"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19832"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26821812"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26821812"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Zeng, Liling Tang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CRIM1, the antagonist of BMPs, is a potential risk factor of cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Curr Cancer Drug Targets (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2174/1568009614666140725094125"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1568009614666140725094125"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25088037"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25088037"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	CRIM-1, S52
Proteins	CRIM1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	51232
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CRIM1 has 12,577 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 125 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CRIM1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CRIM1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CRIM1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CRIM1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with CRIM1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CRIM1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CRIM1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CRIM1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CRIM1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CRIM1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CRIM1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CRIM1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CRIM1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CRIM1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CRIM1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CRIM1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CRIM1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CRIM1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with CRIM1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CRIM1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CRIM1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving CRIM1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with CRIM1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CRIM1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CRIM1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CRIM1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CRIM1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CRIM1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CRIM1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CRIM1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CRIM1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CRIM1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CRIM1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.