{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CTNND1, which encodes p120‐catenin, is a multifunctional regulatory protein that maintains the integrity and signaling functions of cadherin‐based adherens junctions. In epithelial cells, p120‐catenin directly binds the juxtamembrane domain of cadherins, thereby preventing their endocytosis and degradation while stabilizing cell–cell adhesion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Structural studies further reveal that its armadillo repeat domain forms modular binding pockets that interface with conserved regions of cadherins, a binding event that is essential for proper adhesion and cytoskeletal organization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its role in junction stability, CTNND1 is also subject to cell-type–specific alternative splicing. Epithelial splicing regulatory proteins (ESRPs) coordinate an epithelial splicing program that includes CTNND1, and modulation of its isoforms is associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, thereby influencing cell fate, motility, and invasive potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, p120‐catenin functions as a key signaling coordinator by regulating small Rho GTPase activities to control cytoskeletal dynamics that impact dendritic spine development and cell migration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Loss or dysregulation of CTNND1 not only impairs adhesion but also contributes to tumor progression by disrupting normal cell–cell contact and facilitating pro‐migratory signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Together, these findings underline CTNND1’s central role as both a structural scaffold for cadherin stabilization and a dynamic regulator of signaling networks that control epithelial homeostasis, morphogenesis, and tumor suppression.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael A Davis, Renee C Ireton, Albert B Reynolds "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A core function for p120-catenin in cadherin turnover."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200307111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200307111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14610055"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14610055"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Renee C Ireton, Michael A Davis, Jolanda van Hengel, et al. 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