{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CUEDC1 has been implicated in several biological processes and disease contexts. In breast cancer, an intronic enhancer known as CUTE was shown to control CUEDC1 expression, making it a functional target of estrogen receptor‐α that is essential for ERα‐mediated cell proliferation; indeed, ectopic expression of CUEDC1 rescued defects in enhancer activity and its expression positively correlates with ERα levels."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‐small cell lung cancer, CUEDC1 appears to act as a tumor suppressor; its overexpression reduces cellular metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by inactivating the TβRI/Smad signaling pathway—possibly through regulating Smurf2—and also decreases cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Differential expression of CUEDC1 has also been observed in various hematological and developmental contexts. In an animal model of hearing loss induced by the GJB2 p.V37I variant, CUEDC1 was among a set of genes with significant expression changes in the cochlea, suggesting a potential role in modulating auditory function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in studies of acute myeloid leukemia, high expression of CUEDC1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells was reported, implying its possible involvement in leukemogenesis or as a prognostic marker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in T‐cell leukemia models, exogenous expression of CUEDC1 promoted cell growth and colony formation, highlighting an oncogenic potential in certain hematopoietic contexts."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In cervical cancer, differential expression of CUEDC1 has been identified as one of a panel of genes that distinguish patients with lymph node metastasis from those without, further suggesting a role in tumor progression or metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, retroviral integration events near the CUEDC1 locus in a breast cancer patient following multidrug resistant cell transplantation may point to a role in supporting the survival and persistence of transduced clones, although the exact functional consequence remains to be fully elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond cancer and hematological diseases, altered CUEDC1 expression in placental tissue has been observed in preeclampsia, with accompanying changes in methylation patterns, indicating that epigenetic regulation of CUEDC1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of this pregnancy complication."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, a long non‐coding RNA form, lncCUEDC1, was identified in breast cancer stem cells where it negatively regulates stemness by binding to NANOG, thereby inhibiting the stem cell phenotype—a finding that underscores the diverse regulatory roles encompassed by the CUEDC1 locus."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Overall, CUEDC1 functions appear to be context‐dependent, ranging from mediating estrogen receptor-driven proliferation in breast cancer to inhibiting metastasis in lung cancer, with additional roles in auditory function, hematological malignancies, and placental biology. Its diverse activities underscore its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target across multiple diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rui Lopes, Gozde Korkmaz, Sonia Aristin Revilla, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CUEDC1 is a primary target of ERα essential for the growth of breast cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Lett (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.018"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.018"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30145202"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30145202"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yue Cui, Yang Song, Shi Yan, et al. 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