CYP26C1 Gene

HGNC Family Cytochrome P450s (CYP)
Name cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily C, polypeptide 1
Description This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme is involved in the catabolism of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid, and thus contributes to the regulation of retinoic acid levels in cells and tissues. This gene is adjacent to a related gene on chromosome 10q23.33. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCYP26C1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that plays a pivotal role in maintaining retinoic acid (RA) homeostasis by metabolizing its active forms. It was first characterized for its ability to convert all‐trans-retinoic acid (atRA) into water-soluble, polar metabolites, thereby inactivating RA signaling ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In embryonic development, the finely tuned expression of CYP26C1 is critical for establishing RA concentration gradients that direct proper tissue patterning and morphogenesis ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Genetic studies further suggest that variations in genes of the retinoid metabolic cascade, including CYP26C1, may contribute to neurodevelopmental conditions such as schizophrenia ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], while aberrant expression of CYP26C1 has been observed in primary breast carcinomas ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Moreover, loss‐of‐function mutations in CYP26C1 have been linked to focal facial dermal dysplasia type IV, emphasizing its role in craniofacial development ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Biochemical analyses highlight that CYP26C1 exhibits unique substrate specificity—it effectively metabolizes not only atRA but also the 9‐cis isomer and 4-oxo‐atRA, a property that distinguishes it from other CYP26 family members ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Recent structural and modeling studies further support these distinct catalytic characteristics and underscore the enzyme’s importance in establishing physiological RA gradients across different tissues ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammed Taimi, Christian Helvig, Jan Wisniewski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel human cytochrome P450, CYP26C1, involved in metabolism of 9-cis and all-trans isomers of retinoic acid."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M308337200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M308337200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14532297"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14532297"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emmanuel Rat, Ingrid Billaut-Laden, Delphine Allorge, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evidence for a functional genetic polymorphism of the human retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1, an enzyme that may be involved in spina bifida."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/bdra.20275"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20275"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16933217"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16933217"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunling Wan, Yongyong Shi, Xinzhi Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Positive association between ALDH1A2 and schizophrenia in the Chinese population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19703508"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703508"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Makoto Osanai, Gang-Hong Lee "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated expression of the retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme CYP26C1 in primary breast carcinomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Med Mol Morphol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00795-015-0110-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00795-015-0110-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26009309"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26009309"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antonino Montalbano, Lonny Juergensen, Ralph Roeth, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Retinoic acid catabolizing enzyme CYP26C1 is a genetic modifier in SHOX deficiency."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Mol Med (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.15252/emmm.201606623"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201606623"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27861128"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27861128"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guo Zhong, David Ortiz, Alex Zelter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CYP26C1 Is a Hydroxylase of Multiple Active Retinoids and Interacts with Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Pharmacol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1124/mol.117.111039"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.117.111039"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29476041"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29476041"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nina Isoherranen, Guo Zhong "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochemical and physiological importance of the CYP26 retinoic acid hydroxylases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacol Ther (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107400"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107400"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31419517"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31419517"}]}]}]}
Synonyms FFDD4
Proteins CP26C_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 340665
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View CYP26C1's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View CYP26C1's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View CYP26C1's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

CYP26C1 has 2,757 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 82 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CYP26C1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of CYP26C1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations cell types associated with CYP26C1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CYP26C1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP26C1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP26C1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas gene perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing CYP26C1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing CYP26C1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components co-occuring with CYP26C1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with CYP26C1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with CYP26C1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with CYP26C1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by CYP26C1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 interacting drugs for CYP26C1 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases associated with CYP26C1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with CYP26C1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with CYP26C1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with CYP26C1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with CYP26C1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CYP26C1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CYP26C1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP26C1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CYP26C1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
GAD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with CYP26C1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with CYP26C1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CYP26C1 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 biological processes involving CYP26C1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 biological processes involving CYP26C1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 biological processes involving CYP26C1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 cellular components containing CYP26C1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 cellular components containing CYP26C1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 cellular components containing CYP26C1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 molecular functions performed by CYP26C1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 molecular functions performed by CYP26C1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 molecular functions performed by CYP26C1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx eQTL 2025 SNPs regulating expression of CYP26C1 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 phenotypes associated with CYP26C1 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes interacting metabolites for CYP26C1 protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset.
HPO Gene-Disease Associations phenotypes associated with CYP26C1 gene by mapping known disease genes to disease phenotypes from the HPO Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with CYP26C1 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for CYP26C1 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of CYP26C1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of CYP26C1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of CYP26C1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
KEGG Pathways 2026 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of CYP26C1 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain CYP26C1 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by CYP26C1 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of CYP26C1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by CYP26C1 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
MW Enzyme Metabolite Associations interacting metabolites for CYP26C1 protein from the MW Gene Metabolite Associations dataset.
OMIM Gene-Disease Associations phenotypes associated with CYP26C1 gene from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions interacting proteins for CYP26C1 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset.
Reactome Pathways 2014 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset.
Reactome Pathways 2024 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of CYP26C1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CYP26C1 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 transcription factors regulating expression of CYP26C1 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of CYP26C1 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations cell types with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP26C1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of CYP26C1 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with CYP26C1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with CYP26C1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset.
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 pathways involving CYP26C1 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset.