{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DBX2 is a homeobox‐containing transcription factor that plays multifaceted roles in both neural development and disease. During embryogenesis, DBX2 functions as a transcriptional repressor to help establish and refine neural progenitor domain boundaries and interneuron fates in the developing spinal cord and brain."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of adult neurogenesis, elevated DBX2 expression in neural stem/progenitor cells has been shown to promote age‐related phenotypes by limiting proliferation and altering differentiation programs, thereby contributing to neurogenic decline."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond its developmental roles, dysregulation of DBX2 has been implicated in several cancers. Altered DNA methylation of the DBX2 locus in serum is emerging as a potential biomarker for early hepatocellular carcinoma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while changes in DBX2 expression are associated with clinical outcomes in endometrial cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioblastoma, upregulation of DBX2 promotes malignant proliferation through direct activation of downstream effectors such as REST."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Notably, genomic deletions encompassing DBX2 have been linked to neurodevelopmental delays and structural anomalies, underscoring its critical role in brain and spinal cord maturation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, DBX2 is subject to regulation by HOX transcription factors during limb formation, and its expression has been detected in other developmental contexts, including tooth morphogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Pierani, L Moran-Rivard, M J Sunshine, et al. 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