{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Decorin, a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan, is emerging as a multifaceted regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and cellular signaling. In several tissues, decorin plays a critical role in modulating collagen fibrillogenesis and maintaining proper matrix architecture; its deficiency or disruption leads to irregular fibril morphology and compromised mechanical integrity in structures such as tendon and dentin."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Decorin also exerts potent antitumor actions through its capacity to interact directly with receptor tyrosine kinases. By binding to receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Met, and VEGFR2, decorin triggers receptor dimerization followed by internalization and degradation, which in turn attenuates oncogenic signaling, suppresses β‐catenin activity, and ultimately inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition, decorin modulates fibrogenic responses by sequestering transforming growth factor–β (TGF‐β) and neutralizing myostatin activity, thereby limiting fibrosis and promoting effective tissue regeneration in skeletal muscle and kidney."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its regulated expression is also integral to osteogenesis, as decorin is part of the sequential induction of small leucine‐rich proteoglycans during bone matrix formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond these structural roles, decorin influences neural repair by suppressing astroglial scar formation and reducing the deposition of inhibitory proteoglycans, thereby facilitating axonal regeneration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, decorin induces autophagy in endothelial cells via a Peg3‐dependent mechanism, contributing to its antiangiogenic effects in tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, a cleavage product of decorin (ΔDCN) has been identified as a functional receptor for the adipokine resistin, modulating the proliferation, migration, and adipogenic potential of adipocyte progenitors and implicating decorin in the regulation of white adipose tissue expansion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies underscore decorin’s pivotal role as an ECM organizer and signaling effector that integrates structural functions with the modulation of growth factor activity, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue regeneration.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Denitsa Docheva, Ernst B Hunziker, Reinhard Fässler, et al. 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