{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DCTN3, a light‐chain subunit of the dynactin complex, is a key component of the dynein–dynactin motor apparatus that mediates retrograde intracellular transport along microtubules. Its proper expression appears critical for diverse cellular functions including organelle trafficking, cell cycle regulation, and cytokinesis. Dysregulation of DCTN3 has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders—for example, altered expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may contribute to impaired axonal transport in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, genomic gains encompassing the DCTN3 locus have been observed in prostate cancer cell lines"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and oral premalignant lesions, suggesting that aberrant DCTN3 expression supports tumor progression and may serve as a prognostic marker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Elevated DCTN3 transcript levels have also been confirmed in lymph node–positive breast carcinomas, reinforcing its association with metastatic behavior."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of infection, DCTN3 has emerged as a hub gene in regulatory networks linked to Helicobacter pylori–infected gastric tissue, an alteration that may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, its physical interaction with viral proteins is crucial for pathogen life cycles; for instance, the nonstructural 3A protein of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus binds DCTN3 to facilitate intracellular trafficking, viral replication, and virulence."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, in reproductive biology, modulation of DCTN3 expression has been linked to successful cytokinesis and proper embryo development. Aberrant DCTN3 levels can interfere with the expression of key regulators such as PLK1, thereby contributing to an increased rate of aneuploidy and developmental failure, particularly under conditions of oocyte aging or suboptimal in vitro maturation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies highlight DCTN3 as a multifunctional regulator whose perturbation is linked to neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis, viral pathogenesis, and reproductive failure. Its emerging role across such diverse biological processes underscores its potential utility both as a prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Magdalena Kuźma-Kozakiewicz, Beata Kaźmierczak, Agnieszka Chudy, et al. 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