DIDO1 Gene

HGNC Family	Zinc fingers
Name	death inducer-obliterator 1
Description	Apoptosis, a major form of cell death, is an efficient mechanism for eliminating unwanted cells and is of central importance for development and homeostasis in metazoan animals. In mice, the death inducer-obliterator-1 gene is upregulated by apoptotic signals and encodes a cytoplasmic protein that translocates to the nucleus upon apoptotic signal activation. When overexpressed, the mouse protein induced apoptosis in cell lines growing in vitro. This gene is similar to the mouse gene and therefore is thought to be involved in apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been found for this gene, encoding multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The DIDO1 gene encodes one of several isoforms produced from the DIDO locus and exerts versatile roles that are highly context‐dependent. In stem cells, DIDO1 is implicated in the regulation of pluripotency and differentiation. In mouse embryonic stem cells DIDO1 expression is tightly controlled by master transcription factors and participates in feedback loops that maintain self‐renewal or, when altered, promote the transition toward primitive endoderm commitment, indicating that proper DIDO1 levels are crucial for stem cell fate decisions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In several cancers the role of DIDO1 appears equally multifaceted. In colorectal tumors, for example, although DIDO1 is robustly expressed in most cases regardless of amplification of chromosome 20q, its expression pattern suggests that it is a passenger rather than a driving force of adenoma‐to‐carcinoma progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In melanoma cells, DIDO1 is a transcriptional target regulated by BMP–Smad signaling and its elevated expression enhances cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis, possibly via induction of integrin αV."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, a circular RNA derived from the DIDO1 gene (circDIDO1) has been reported in gastric cancer; this circRNA encodes a protein that not only interacts with PARP1 to inhibit its enzymatic activity but also binds to PRDX2 to promote its ubiquitination and degradation. These actions result in robust tumor suppressor effects by impairing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the hematopoietic system, disruption of the broader DIDO locus leads to a transplantable myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorder, with human patients showing aberrant DIDO expression. This finding supports the notion that DIDO1 may be involved in maintaining normal hematopoiesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, in lymphoid malignancies, pro‐apoptotic stimuli such as gambogic acid induce upregulation and nuclear translocation of DIDO1 (also referred to as DIO‐1), which correlates with activation of caspase cascades and subsequent apoptosis in Jurkat and Raji cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In another epithelial cancer model, overexpression of KCTD12 resulted in downregulation of DIDO1 along with other stem cell and chromatin remodeler genes, suggesting that modulation of DIDO1 levels may be linked with the suppression of tumor aggressiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies highlight DIDO1 as a multifunctional protein with roles ranging from the regulation of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation to the modulation of cell adhesion, survival, and apoptosis in cancer, with its precise impact depending on the cellular context and upstream signaling cues.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Agnes Fütterer, Jésus de Celis, Rosana Navajas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DIDO as a Switchboard that Regulates Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Embryonic Stem Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cell Reports (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28330622"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28330622"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yinyin Liu, Hyeung Kim, Jiancong Liang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The death-inducer obliterator 1 (Dido1) gene regulates embryonic stem cell self-renewal."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.486290"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.486290"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24347171"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24347171"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anke H Sillars-Hardebol, Beatriz Carvalho, Marianne Tijssen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TPX2 and AURKA promote 20q amplicon-driven colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gut (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301153"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301153"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22207630"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22207630"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S Braig, A-K Bosserhoff "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Death inducer-obliterator 1 (Dido1) is a BMP target gene and promotes BMP-induced melanoma progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2012.115"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.115"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22469980"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22469980"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu Zhang, Jiajia Jiang, Jiayin Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CircDIDO1 inhibits gastric cancer progression by encoding a novel DIDO1-529aa protein and regulating PRDX2 protein stability."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12943-021-01390-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-021-01390-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34384442"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34384442"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Agnes Fütterer, Miguel R Campanero, Esther Leonardo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dido gene expression alterations are implicated in the induction of hematological myeloid neoplasms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI24177"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI24177"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16127461"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16127461"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yong Wang, Yan Chen, Zi Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gambogic acid induces death inducer-obliterator 1-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Pharmacol Sin (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00762.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00762.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18298900"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18298900"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yong Wang, Yan Chen, Zi Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Mechanism of gambogic acid-induced apoptosis in Raji cells]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19236754"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19236754"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan, Negin Taghehchian, Liping Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Contribution of KCTD12 to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-018-4765-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4765-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30157793"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30157793"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	C20ORF158, DIDO3, DJ885L7.8, DATF1, DIO1, BYE1, DATF-1, DIO-1, DIDO2
Proteins	DIDO1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	11083
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

DIDO1 has 9,080 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 126 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for DIDO1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

DIDO1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by DIDO1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with DIDO1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DIDO1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DIDO1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of DIDO1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing DIDO1 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of DIDO1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DIDO1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DIDO1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DIDO1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with DIDO1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with DIDO1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with DIDO1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with DIDO1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DIDO1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by DIDO1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with DIDO1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with DIDO1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DIDO1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with DIDO1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DIDO1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DIDO1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DIDO1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing DIDO1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DIDO1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DIDO1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DIDO1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with DIDO1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.