DLEC1 Gene

Name	deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1
Description	The cytogenetic location of this gene is 3p21.3, and it is located in a region that is commonly deleted in a variety of malignancies. Down-regulation of this gene has been observed in several human cancers including lung, esophageal, renal tumors, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In some cases, reduced expression of this gene in tumor cells is a result of aberrant promoter methylation. Several alternatively spliced transcripts have been observed that contain disrupted coding regions and likely encode nonfunctional proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n A number of independent studies have characterized DLEC1 as a bona fide tumor suppressor gene that is frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in diverse cancer types. In lung, nasopharyngeal, ovarian, colorectal/gastric, renal, prostate cancers and lymphomas, epigenetic inactivation of DLEC1 is consistently associated with loss or marked down‐regulation of its mRNA and protein expression, which correlates with more aggressive tumor phenotypes and poorer patient outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Restoration experiments using demethylating agents have demonstrated that re‐expression of DLEC1 significantly inhibits clonogenicity, cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, and in some instances induces apoptosis. These functional assays indicate that loss of DLEC1 activity contributes directly to tumor initiation and progression. Collectively, the data support a multifaceted tumor suppressive role for DLEC1, underscoring its potential utility as a diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic biomarker and possibly as a therapeutic target in cancers where its epigenetic silencing is a driving event.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T J Seng, N Currey, W A Cooper, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DLEC1 and MLH1 promoter methylation are associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Br J Cancer (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.bjc.6604452"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604452"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18594535"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18594535"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joseph Kwong, Ji-Young Lee, Kwong-Kwok Wong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Candidate tumor-suppressor gene DLEC1 is frequently downregulated by promoter hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation in human epithelial ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neoplasia (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1593/neo.05502"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.05502"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16756719"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16756719"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Ying, F F Poon, J Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DLEC1 is a functional 3p22.3 tumour suppressor silenced by promoter CpG methylation in colon and gastric cancers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Br J Cancer (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.bjc.6604888"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604888"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19156137"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19156137"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joseph Kwong, Lillian Shuk-Nga Chow, Albert Yue-Hang Wong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetic inactivation of the deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/gcc.20398"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/gcc.20398"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17099870"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17099870"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qian Zhang, Jianming Ying, Jisheng Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aberrant promoter methylation of DLEC1, a critical 3p22 tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma, is associated with more advanced tumor stage."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Urol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20639048"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20639048"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lian Zhang, Qian Zhang, LiLi Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DLEC1, a 3p tumor suppressor, represses NF-κB signaling and is methylated in prostate cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Med (Berl) (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00109-015-1255-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-015-1255-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25648635"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25648635"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Youwei Zhang, Yufeng Miao, Jun Yi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frequent epigenetic inactivation of deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 gene by promoter methylation in non-small-cell lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Lung Cancer (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3816/CLC.2010.n.034"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3816/CLC.2010.n.034"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20630829"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20630829"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W Al Sarakbi, S Reefy, W G Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evidence of a tumour suppressor function for DLEC1 in human breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anticancer Res (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20530412"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20530412"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhaohui Wang, Lili Li, Xianwei Su, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetic silencing of the 3p22 tumor suppressor DLEC1 by promoter CpG methylation in non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Transl Med (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1479-5876-10-209"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-10-209"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23050586"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23050586"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	DLC-1, F56, CFAP81
Proteins	DLEC1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	9940
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

DLEC1 has 4,524 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 103 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for DLEC1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

DLEC1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with DLEC1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DLEC1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DLEC1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of DLEC1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of DLEC1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DLEC1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DLEC1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DLEC1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DLEC1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with DLEC1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with DLEC1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DLEC1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of DLEC1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by DLEC1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving DLEC1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with DLEC1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with DLEC1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DLEC1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with DLEC1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DLEC1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DLEC1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DLEC1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DLEC1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DLEC1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DLEC1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with DLEC1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing DLEC1 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of DLEC1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.