| Name | developmental pluripotency associated 3 |
| Description | This gene encodes a protein that in mice may function as a maternal factor during the preimplantation stage of development. In mice, this gene may play a role in transcriptional repression, cell division, and maintenance of cell pluripotentiality. In humans, related intronless loci are located on chromosomes 14 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DPPA3 (also known as Stella or PGC7) is a maternally expressed factor that plays multiple critical roles during early embryogenesis and germ cell development. Highly enriched in primordial germ cells, oocytes, and pre‐implantation embryos, DPPA3 is essential for safeguarding epigenetic integrity during the oocyte‐to‐embryo transition by protecting key genomic regions—including imprinted loci—from premature or aberrant demethylation. Mechanistically, DPPA3 maintains DNA methylation patterns by preventing the conversion of 5‑methylcytosine (5mC) to 5‑hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) mediated by Tet3, a process achieved through its binding to chromatin regions marked with dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, DPPA3 interacts with nuclear factors such as Np95 (also known as Uhrf1) to hinder the recruitment of DNMT1, thereby modulating global DNA methylation levels."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its precise regulation is imperative for proper chromatin reorganization, as evidenced by studies showing that loss of DPPA3 disrupts chromocenter formation, proper accumulation of histone variants, and the expression of chromatin remodelers like Daxx."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, DPPA3 has been implicated in the transition between distinct pluripotency states, acting downstream of factors such as Lin28a during the naive-to-primed conversion of embryonic stem cells"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and processed retropseudogenes derived from DPPA3 are detectable in adult tissues, suggesting potential regulatory nuances when using DPPA3 as a pluripotency marker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings demonstrate that DPPA3 is a key guardian of epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin organization in early development and germline specification."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toshinobu Nakamura, Yoshikazu Arai, Hiroki Umehara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PGC7/Stella protects against DNA demethylation in early embryogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb1519"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1519"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17143267"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17143267"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toshinobu Nakamura, Yu-Jung Liu, Hiroyuki Nakashima, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PGC7 binds histone H3K9me2 to protect against conversion of 5mC to 5hmC in early embryos."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature11093"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11093"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22722204"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22722204"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Soichiro Funaki, Toshinobu Nakamura, Tsunetoshi Nakatani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of maintenance DNA methylation by Stella."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.101"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.101"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25280994"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25280994"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tatsuhiko Arakawa, Tsunetoshi Nakatani, Masaaki Oda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stella controls chromocenter formation through regulation of Daxx expression in 2-cell embryos."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26325466"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26325466"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Sang, Dan Wang, Shuang Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dppa3 is critical for Lin28a-regulated ES cells naïve-primed state conversion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Cell Biol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jmcb/mjy069"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjy069"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30481289"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30481289"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephen J Elliman, Isaac Wu, Daniel M Kemp "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adult tissue-specific expression of a Dppa3-derived retrogene represents a postnatal transcript of pluripotent cell origin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.C500415200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C500415200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16291741"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16291741"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masatake Sato, Tohru Kimura, Ken Kurokawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of PGC7, a new gene expressed specifically in preimplantation embryos and germ cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mech Dev (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00002-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00002-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11900980"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11900980"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | STELLA, Pgc7 |
| Proteins | DPPA3_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 359787 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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DPPA3 has 2,671 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 78 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for DPPA3 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
| BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of DPPA3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with DPPA3 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DPPA3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of DPPA3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of DPPA3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing DPPA3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing DPPA3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with DPPA3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with DPPA3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of DPPA3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with DPPA3 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with DPPA3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with DPPA3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with DPPA3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with DPPA3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with DPPA3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with DPPA3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DPPA3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DPPA3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of DPPA3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing DPPA3 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with DPPA3 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing DPPA3 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving DPPA3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving DPPA3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving DPPA3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing DPPA3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing DPPA3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing DPPA3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by DPPA3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by DPPA3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by DPPA3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with DPPA3 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of DPPA3 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for DPPA3 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of DPPA3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of DPPA3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of DPPA3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of DPPA3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing DPPA3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain DPPA3 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by DPPA3 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of DPPA3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by DPPA3 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for DPPA3 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving DPPA3 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving DPPA3 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving DPPA3 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of DPPA3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DPPA3 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of DPPA3 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of DPPA3 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of DPPA3 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of DPPA3 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of DPPA3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of DPPA3 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of DPPA3 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of DPPA3 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with DPPA3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with DPPA3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving DPPA3 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
