DRD1 Gene

HGNC Family	G protein-coupled receptors
Name	dopamine receptor D1
Description	This gene encodes the D1 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D1 subtype is the most abundant dopamine receptor in the central nervous system. This G-protein coupled receptor stimulates adenylyl cyclase and activates cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. D1 receptors regulate neuronal growth and development, mediate some behavioral responses, and modulate dopamine receptor D2-mediated events. Alternate transcription initiation sites result in two transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) is a prototypical G protein–coupled receptor that, by coupling to Gs proteins, stimulates cyclic AMP production and thereby orchestrates a wide array of intracellular signaling cascades. DRD1 activation is essential for mediating excitatory dopaminergic influences on synaptic plasticity and neuronal function. For example, DRD1 is critical for glutamate‐induced long‐term potentiation at corticostriatal synapses, a process mediated in part by its physical association with NMDA receptor NR1 subunits that modulates postsynaptic signaling and receptor trafficking."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In higher brain regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, DRD1‐dependent signaling enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation and initiates protein synthesis processes that underlie associative learning and long‐term memory formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of movement disorders, DRD1 activation contributes to maladaptive synaptic plasticity—as evidenced by its role in dopamine D1 receptor–mediated activation of mTOR complex 1 that underlies L-DOPA–induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, genetic studies have implicated polymorphisms in DRD1 in neuropsychiatric conditions; DRD1 variants have been associated with disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine dependence, as well as with alterations in behavioral phenotypes including aggression and hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " High-resolution structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy have further elucidated the molecular determinants of ligand recognition, allosteric modulation, and G protein coupling by DRD1, thereby enhancing our understanding of its pharmacology and potential as a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its central nervous system roles, DRD1 signaling is also implicated in peripheral functions; in adipocytes, for instance, activation of D1-like receptors modulates the release of adipokines, thereby influencing metabolic homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, studies in genetic models have shown that perturbations in DRD1 signaling can affect dopaminergic transmission and synaptic organization—for example, abnormal receptor accumulation in cilia has been linked to defects in BBS proteins, highlighting a role for DRD1 in precise receptor targeting."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chiara Fiorentini, Fabrizio Gardoni, PierFranco Spano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of dopamine D1 receptor trafficking and desensitization by oligomerization with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M213140200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M213140200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12646556"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12646556"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tracy M Reed, David R Repaske, Gretchen L Snyder, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosphodiesterase 1B knock-out mice exhibit exaggerated locomotor hyperactivity and DARPP-32 phosphorylation in response to dopamine agonists and display impaired spatial learning."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12077213"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12077213"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Taku Nagai, Kazuhiro Takuma, Hiroyuki Kamei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dopamine D1 receptors regulate protein synthesis-dependent long-term recognition memory via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the prefrontal cortex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Learn Mem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/lm.461407"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.461407"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17337702"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17337702"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oskar Ortiz, José María Delgado-García, Isabel Espadas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Associative learning and CA3-CA1 synaptic plasticity are impaired in D1R null, Drd1a-/- mice and in hippocampal siRNA silenced Drd1a mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2655-10.2010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2655-10.2010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20844125"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20844125"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kyriaki Sidiropoulou, Fang-Min Lu, Melissa A Fowler, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dopamine modulates an mGluR5-mediated depolarization underlying prefrontal persistent activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn.2245"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2245"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19169252"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169252"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emanuela Santini, Myriam Heiman, Paul Greengard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of mTOR signaling in Parkinson's disease prevents L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Signal (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/scisignal.2000308"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000308"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19622833"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622833"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loukia Parisiadou, Jia Yu, Carmelo Sgobio, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LRRK2 regulates synaptogenesis and dopamine receptor activation through modulation of PKA activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn.3636"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3636"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24464040"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24464040"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aaron J Bobb, Anjene M Addington, Ellen Sidransky, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Support for association between ADHD and two candidate genes: NET1 and DRD1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ajmg.b.30142"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30142"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15717291"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15717291"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weihua Huang, Jennie Z Ma, Thomas J Payne, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Significant association of DRD1 with nicotine dependence."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00439-007-0453-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-007-0453-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18092181"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18092181"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C Holmes, H Smith, R Ganderton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Psychosis and aggression in Alzheimer's disease: the effect of dopamine receptor gene variation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/jnnp.71.6.777"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.71.6.777"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11723200"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11723200"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peng Xiao, Wei Yan, Lu Gou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ligand recognition and allosteric regulation of DRD1-Gs signaling complexes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33571432"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33571432"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dana C Borcherding, Eric R Hugo, Gila Idelman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dopamine receptors in human adipocytes: expression and functions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0025537"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025537"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21966540"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21966540"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qihong Zhang, Darryl Nishimura, Tim Vogel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BBS7 is required for BBSome formation and its absence in mice results in Bardet-Biedl syndrome phenotypes and selective abnormalities in membrane protein trafficking."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.111740"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111740"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23572516"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23572516"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	DRD1A, DADR
Proteins	DRD1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1812
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

DRD1 has 7,558 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 119 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for DRD1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

DRD1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving DRD1 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of DRD1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DRD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with DRD1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DRD1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DRD1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of DRD1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of DRD1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DRD1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DRD1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with DRD1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with DRD1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DRD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with DRD1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with DRD1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DRD1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with DRD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by DRD1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with DRD1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with DRD1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DRD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with DRD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for DRD1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DRD1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DRD1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DRD1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing DRD1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DRD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DRD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DRD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.