DSTYK Gene

Name	dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase
Description	This gene encodes a dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase which is expressed in multiple tissues. It is thought to function as a regulator of cell death. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase (DSTYK) is emerging as a pivotal regulator in both development and disease. During embryogenesis, DSTYK is highly expressed in maturing epithelia where it colocalizes with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors to mediate FGF‐dependent signaling that is essential for proper kidney and urinary tract development. Mutations in DSTYK have been shown to result in aberrant splicing and loss of kinase function, thereby impairing FGF signaling and contributing to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) as well as to neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia with skin dyspigmentation (1,2,9). In addition to its developmental roles, DSTYK is implicated in oncogenesis. In triple‐negative breast cancer, increased DSTYK expression confers resistance to chemotherapy, and its knockout leads to enhanced apoptotic responses under drug treatment (4). Similarly, in colorectal cancer DSTYK promotes transforming growth factor–β (TGF‑β)–induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance (7), while in lung adenocarcinoma loss of DSTYK activity results in activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling and upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A, thereby supporting tumor growth (6). Moreover, a DSTYK mutation identified in solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas has been linked to increased cell migration and invasion via ERK1/2 activation and subsequent matrix metalloproteinase induction (8). A novel heterozygous missense variant in DSTYK has also been associated with early-onset lower urinary tract dysfunction accompanied by neurological symptoms such as seizures and lower-limb spasticity (5). Finally, studies using DSTYK knockout mice reveal deficits in cognitive functions, further broadening the spectrum of DSTYK’s physiological significance (3). Collectively, these findings underscore the multifaceted role of DSTYK as a key mediator of FGF and other signaling pathways during development and as an important contributor to cancer progression and chemoresistance.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n References:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Simone Sanna-Cherchi, Rosemary V Sampogna, Natalia Papeta, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in DSTYK and dominant urinary tract malformations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Engl J Med (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1056/NEJMoa1214479"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214479"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23862974"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23862974"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John Y W Lee, Chao-Kai Hsu, Magdalene Michael, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Large Intragenic Deletion in DSTYK Underlies Autosomal-Recessive Complicated Spastic Paraparesis, SPG23."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28157540"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28157540"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kui Li, Ji-Wei Liu, Zhi-Chuan Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DSTYK kinase domain ablation impaired the mice capabilities of learning and memory in water maze test."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Clin Exp Pathol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25400726"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25400726"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stella C Ogbu, Samuel Rojas, John Weaver, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DSTYK Enhances Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cells (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/cells11010097"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010097"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35011659"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35011659"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clara Vidic, Marcin Zaniew, Szymon Jurga, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exome sequencing implicates a novel heterozygous missense variant in DSTYK in autosomal dominant lower urinary tract dysfunction and mild hereditary spastic paraparesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Pediatr (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s40348-021-00122-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-021-00122-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34608560"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34608560"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chenxi Zhong, Ming Chen, Yu Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss of DSTYK activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-021-04385-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-04385-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34853310"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34853310"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jinyu Zhang, Zachary Miller, Phillip R Musich, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DSTYK Promotes Metastasis and Chemoresistance "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "via"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " EMT in Colorectal Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Pharmacol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fphar.2020.01250"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.01250"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32982725"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32982725"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jue Hou, Jie Ju, Zili Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Discovery of potent necroptosis inhibitors targeting RIPK1 kinase activity for the treatment of inflammatory disorder and cancer metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-019-1735-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1735-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31235688"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31235688"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hangdi Wu, Qian Xu, Jingyuan Xie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of 8 Novel Mutations in Nephrogenesis-Related Genes in Chinese Han Patients with Unilateral Renal Agenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Nephrol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000477590"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000477590"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28618409"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28618409"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	CAKUT1, RIPK5, RIP5, DUSTYPK, HDCMD38P, SPG23
Proteins	DUSTY_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	25778
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

DSTYK has 6,800 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 120 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for DSTYK from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

DSTYK Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by DSTYK gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of DSTYK gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DSTYK gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DSTYK gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with DSTYK gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with DSTYK protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with DSTYK gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DSTYK gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DSTYK gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of DSTYK gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with DSTYK gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of DSTYK gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of DSTYK gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DSTYK protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DSTYK protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DSTYK protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DSTYK protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with DSTYK protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DSTYK gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with DSTYK gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DSTYK gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with DSTYK gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of DSTYK protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by DSTYK gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving DSTYK gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with DSTYK gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with DSTYK gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with DSTYK gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DSTYK gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with DSTYK gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DSTYK gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.