{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n EIF3G is a key subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex that, despite being reported as dispensable for reconstituting an active mammalian eIF3 complex in some reconstitution studies"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", plays several important regulatory roles in translation. Its ability to interact with other factors is critical for promoting efficient initiation events. For example, EIF3G mediates binding between eIF3 and translational activators such as Paip1, thereby stabilizing interactions between the poly(A)-binding protein and eIF4G to enhance ribosome recruitment during cap-dependent initiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Likewise, EIF3G is engaged by the CBP80/20‐dependent translation initiation factor (CTIF) to bridge cap‐binding complexes with the 40S ribosomal subunit, emphasizing its role in alternative translation pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, studies dissecting the assembly of the conserved eIF3 subcomplex consisting of eIF3a, eIF3b, eIF3g, and eIF3i report that EIF3G contributes to proper subunit interactions that are essential for accurate AUG recognition and overall translational control."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n EIF3G is also a target for regulatory cross-talk during stress and apoptotic responses. Binding of the apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) to EIF3G contributes to translational inhibition during caspase‐dependent apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, pathogens can hijack this regulatory node; the reinitiation factor from Cauliflower mosaic virus (TAV) directly interacts with EIF3G to stabilize eIF3 on ribosomes and support translation of polycistronic viral RNAs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, genetic studies have linked sequence variations in the EIF3G locus with human narcolepsy with cataplexy, where the disease-associated allele correlates with altered EIF3G mRNA expression and suggests a potential impact on neuronal and immune regulatory pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings highlight EIF3G’s multifaceted role as a mediator of ribosome recruitment and translation initiation, as well as a regulatory hub responsive to stress, apoptotic signals, and viral manipulation.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mamiko Masutani, Nahum Sonenberg, Shigeyuki Yokoyama, et al. 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