ELF1 Gene

HGNC Family	Helix-turn-helix ETS type domain containing
Name	E74-like factor 1 (ets domain transcription factor)
Description	This gene encodes an E26 transformation-specific related transcription factor. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in lymphoid cells and acts as both an enhancer and a repressor to regulate transcription of various genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n E74‐like factor 1 (ELF1) is an ETS family transcription factor with pleiotropic roles spanning immune regulation, vascular and hematopoietic development, oncogenic signaling, neural plasticity, antiviral defense, and broader developmental processes. In the immune system, ELF1 is critical for T‐cell development and function, as well as for the proper differentiation of natural killer T cells, where its expression helps activate cytokine genes such as interleukin‐2 and integrate with cell cycle regulators in T lymphocytes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In endothelial and hematopoietic contexts, ELF1 directly binds promoter elements to activate genes such as VEGFR1 and LMO2, underscoring its importance in vascular gene expression and blood cell development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In several malignancies, ELF1 acts as a key transcriptional regulator that can promote oncogenic programs: for instance, it activates the promoters of hPygo2 in breast cancer"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", ATF5 in glioma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and TNFAIP8 in acute myeloid leukemia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, ELF1 enhances the expression of FOXD3‐AS1 in osteosarcoma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and contributes to Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via CTNNB1 regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the nervous system, increased ELF1 expression in dorsal root ganglia leads to matrix metalloproteinase‐9 induction and heightened nociceptive responses, implicating it in neuropathic pain."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond these roles, ELF1 drives a distinct transcriptional program that limits viral propagation in a manner independent of interferon signaling"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its involvement in mesodermal differentiation has also been suggested by network analyses in livestock growth studies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, dynamic regulation of ELF1 itself is essential during hematopoiesis, as its timely activation by upstream factors such as PU.1 and subsequent downregulation is critical for terminal erythroid differentiation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its modulation in the retina may contribute to ocular growth responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Yang, Wanling Yang, Nattiya Hirankarn, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ELF1 is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Asian populations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddq474"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddq474"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21044949"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21044949"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hak-Jong Choi, Yanbiao Geng, Hoonsik Cho, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential requirements for the Ets transcription factor Elf-1 in the development of NKT cells and NK cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2010-09-309468"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-09-309468"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21148815"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21148815"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Q Guo, X Y Chen, Y Su "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Interleukin-2 signaling pathway regulating molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27987522"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27987522"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A G Bassuk, K P Barton, R T Anandappa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression pattern of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med (1998)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10780882"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10780882"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C Y Wang, B Petryniak, C B Thompson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by binding to the retinoblastoma protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (1993)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.8493578"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8493578"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "8493578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8493578"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fernando J Calero-Nieto, Andrew D Wood, Nicola K Wilson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transcriptional regulation of Elf-1: locus-wide analysis reveals four distinct promoters, a tissue-specific enhancer, control by PU.1 and the importance of Elf-1 downregulation for erythroid maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkq490"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq490"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20525788"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525788"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Enjing Jin, Ju Liu, Jun-Ichi Suehiro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential roles for ETS, CREB, and EGR binding sites in mediating VEGF receptor 1 expression in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2009-05-220434"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220434"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19822898"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19822898"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Josette-Renée Landry, Sarah Kinston, Kathy Knezevic, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fli1, Elf1, and Ets1 regulate the proximal promoter of the LMO2 gene in endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2004-12-4755"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-12-4755"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15994290"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15994290"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phillip G P Andrews, Mark W Kennedy, Cathy M Popadiuk, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogenic activation of the human Pygopus2 promoter by E74-like factor-1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-0068"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-0068"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18314487"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18314487"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ming Hu, Huanting Li, Hongwei Xie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ELF1 Transcription Factor Enhances the Progression of Glioma via ATF5 promoter."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ACS Chem Neurosci (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00070"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00070"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33720698"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33720698"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yihua Pang, Yanan Zhao, Yan Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TNFAIP8 promotes AML chemoresistance by activating ERK signaling pathway through interaction with Rac1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13046-020-01658-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-020-01658-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32795319"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32795319"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ELF1-activated FOXD3-AS1 promotes the migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells via sponging miR-296-5p to upregulate ZCCHC3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Oncol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100335"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100335"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33204608"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33204608"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunyan Qiao, Tianyi Qiao, Shihui Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SNHG17/miR-384/ELF1 axis promotes cell growth by transcriptional regulation of CTNNB1 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Gene Ther (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41417-021-00294-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-021-00294-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33531646"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33531646"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luyao Zhang, Xiang Li, Xiaozhou Feng, et al. 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Synonyms	EFTUD1
Proteins	ELF1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1997
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ELF1 has 5,812 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 112 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ELF1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ELF1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ELF1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ELF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ELF1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ELF1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ELF1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ELF1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ELF1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ELF1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ELF1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ELF1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ELF1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ELF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ELF1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ELF1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of ELF1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ELF1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases	phosphatases that dephosphorylate ELF1 protein from the curated DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ELF1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ELF1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ELF1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ELF1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ELF1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ELF1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ELF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ELF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.