{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) has emerged as a multifunctional regulator with context‐dependent roles in cancer biology and tissue repair. In renal cell carcinoma, EMP1 is transcriptionally induced by the Hippo pathway effector TAZ, which in turn increases expression of NOX4—a ROS‐generating enzyme that promotes ferroptosis susceptibility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In Ewing tumors, EMP1 is among the set of genes regulated by EZH2 that maintain an undifferentiated, stem‐like phenotype, suggesting its involvement in tumor lineage specification."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In skin wound healing, EMP1 is a direct target of miR‑31 in keratinocytes; miR‑31–mediated suppression of EMP1 facilitates keratinocyte proliferation and migration, thereby advancing re‑epithelialization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioblastoma, expression of the oncogenic EGFR variant (EGFRvIII) up‑regulates EMP1 as part of an autocrine signaling loop that enhances mitogenic activity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In lung adenocarcinoma, elevated EMP1 expression has been correlated with clinical resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, indicating its potential as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in gastric dysplasia models and esophageal carcinoma cells, aberrant EMP1 expression is observed, where its modulation is linked to altered cell proliferation, cell‐cycle dynamics, and cell adhesion properties"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, high levels of EMP1 are associated with prednisolone resistance; functional studies demonstrate that silencing EMP1 induces apoptosis, impairs cell adhesion, and significantly sensitizes cells to prednisolone."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in prostate cancer, up‑regulation of EMP1 enhances cellular motility and metastatic propensity through its interaction with the intracellular partner copine‑III, subsequently activating Rac1 signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Together, these studies indicate that EMP1 functions as a context‐dependent modulator of cell death, differentiation, migration, and drug resistance. Its diverse roles not only illuminate mechanisms of tumor progression and chemoresistance but also raise the potential of EMP1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target across several neoplastic and repair processes.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wen-Hsuan Yang, Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding, Tianai Sun, et al. 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