| Name | endogenous retrovirus group V, member 2 |
| Description | Many different human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are expressed in normal placental tissue at high levels, suggesting that HERVs are functionally important in reproduction. This gene is part of an HERV provirus on human chromosome 19 that has inactivating mutations in the gag and pol genes. This envelope glycoprotein gene appears to have been selectively preserved. The gene's protein product is expressed in the placenta and acts as a syncytin in Old World monkeys, but has lost the fusogenic activity in humans and other primate lineages. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2015] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Endogenous retroviral envelope proteins, including those encoded by genes of the ERV‐V family such as ERVV‐2 (often referred to as EnvV2), represent ancient viral elements that have been co‐opted during evolution to serve host functions. In primate placentation, envelope proteins of this family have been shown to promote cell–cell fusion required for the formation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layers at the fetal–maternal interface. In Old World monkeys the envV gene retains potent fusogenic activity and is specifically expressed in the placental syncytiotrophoblast, supporting a role as a bona fide “syncytin” (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, in other primate lineages – including humans – the canonical fusogenic function of this retroviral envelope gene appears to have been lost gradually, suggesting a lineage‐dependent degeneration of its original activity. Moreover, experimental modulation of trophoblast differentiation in vitro, for example by epigenetic agents such as sodium butyrate, was accompanied by increased expression of EnvV2 along with other cell–cell fusion factors, underscoring its potential involvement in the regulation of trophoblast fusion and placental morphogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to its role in placentation, altered expression of ERVV‐2 has been identified as one component in multigene expression signatures that may serve as prognostic biomarkers in diseases such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, although its precise functional contribution in this context remains to be elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cécile Esnault, Guillaume Cornelis, Odile Heidmann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential evolutionary fate of an ancestral primate endogenous retrovirus envelope gene, the EnvV syncytin, captured for a function in placentation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1003400"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003400"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23555306"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23555306"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Priyadarsini Kumar, Twanda L Thirkill, Jennifer Ji, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Lithium Chloride on Rhesus Monkey Trophoblast Differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0135089"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135089"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26266541"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26266541"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiufeng Pan, Longwang Wang, Hao Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a 5-Gene Signature Predicting Progression and Prognosis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Med Sci Monit (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.12659/MSM.917399"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.917399"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31194719"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31194719"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | HERV-V2, ENVV2 |
| Proteins | ERVV2_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 100271846 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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ERVV-2 has 1,247 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 30 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for ERVV-2 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of ERVV-2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of ERVV-2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of ERVV-2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of ERVV-2 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with ERVV-2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of ERVV-2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with ERVV-2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with ERVV-2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ERVV-2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ERVV-2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of ERVV-2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of ERVV-2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of ERVV-2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing ERVV-2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of ERVV-2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of ERVV-2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with ERVV-2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with ERVV-2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for ERVV-2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of ERVV-2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of ERVV-2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of ERVV-2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with ERVV-2 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of ERVV-2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ERVV-2 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of ERVV-2 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of ERVV-2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of ERVV-2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of ERVV-2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with ERVV-2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
