{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n FAM172A is emerging as a multifaceted regulator of cellular homeostasis whose functions appear highly context‐dependent. In several studies on colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, reduced FAM172A expression is associated with suppressed cell proliferation, decreased invasion, induction of cell cycle arrest, and enhanced apoptosis—features consistent with a tumor‐suppressor role (e.g."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, studies in thyroid carcinomas indicate that FAM172A expression is elevated, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via activation of the p38 MAPK, Erk1/2, and JNK signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, in vascular cells, high glucose conditions upregulate FAM172A expression, suggesting a role in mediating vascular stress responses and a potential contribution to high glucose–induced vascular damage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " FAM172A also appears to modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress—as seen in models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—where its loss exacerbates ER stress markers and cell apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Evidence in noncancerous systems further underscores a context‐dependent role; for instance, its overexpression in HEK293 cells enhances proliferation and S phase entry"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", whereas its expression in circulating tumor cells correlates with enhanced mesenchymal characteristics and tumor aggressiveness in colorectal cancer"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, the exploration of novel gene delivery platforms incorporating FAM172A—for example, in the context of combinational therapies—further highlights its therapeutic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies illustrate that FAM172A plays critical, yet divergent, roles in carcinogenesis, vascular pathology, and cellular stress regulation. Its transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation—involving factors such as STAT1 and miR‑27a as well as participation in key signaling cascades—underscores its importance in both development and disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Further elucidation of its diverse functions may offer novel insights into targeted therapeutic strategies across a spectrum of human diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenjun Liu, Kai Qian, Xing Wei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR‑27a promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer by targeting FAM172A and acts as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2017.5592"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5592"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28440497"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28440497"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunhui Cui, Lili Ye, Zonghai Huang, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FAM172A induces S phase arrest of HepG2 cells via Notch 3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2013.2235"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2235"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23314443"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23314443"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kai Qian, Jinqian Zhang, Jingbo Lu, et al. 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