{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Increasing evidence indicates that the IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP) is a multifunctional, secreted glycoprotein predominantly expressed by mucus‐secreting epithelia lining the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. In the colon, FCGBP is cleaved within its repeated von Willebrand D domains and covalently attached to the MUC2 mucin, suggesting that it contributes to the organization and protective function of the inner mucus layer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, FCGBP is co‐secreted with trefoil peptides such as TFF1 and TFF3 from gastric and salivary cells, which implicates it in mucosal innate immune defense."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its role in the formation and maintenance of mucus, alterations in FCGBP expression have been linked to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Differential expression of FCGBP has been observed in a range of tumors—with downregulation correlating with progression in gallbladder and prostate cancers"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and elevated expression associated with poorer overall survival and an immune signature characterized by enhanced M2 macrophage infiltration in ovarian cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " More recently, FCGBP has been implicated in glioma; its differential expression may influence tumor immunity, making it a candidate prognostic marker in this context."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond these roles, FCGBP is also emerging as a biomarker in diverse clinical settings. For example, elevated levels in amniotic and cervical fluids have been linked to intra‐amniotic infection"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its overexpression alongside vascular adhesion molecules has shown promise for the early diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, the association of the GCTM-5 epitope with FCGBP on endoderm-derived tissues further supports its role in normal differentiation and disease progression within these organs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies support a dual role for FCGBP in both maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and modulating tumor-associated immune responses. Such multifunctionality underscores its potential utility as a structural component in mucus as well as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in a variety of pathological conditions, including gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers as well as glioma (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13).\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Malin E V Johansson, Kristina A Thomsson, Gunnar C Hansson "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteomic analyses of the two mucus layers of the colon barrier reveal that their main component, the Muc2 mucin, is strongly bound to the Fcgbp protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Proteome Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/pr9002504"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/pr9002504"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19432394"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19432394"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tiange Lang, Sofia Klasson, Erik Larsson, et al. 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