FER Gene

HGNC Family	SH2 domain containing, Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits (PPP1R)
Name	fer (fps/fes related) tyrosine kinase
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FPS/FES family of non-transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. It regulates cell-cell adhesion and mediates signaling from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton via growth factor receptors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n FER is a multifunctional non‐receptor tyrosine kinase that integrates signals from various receptor systems to regulate cellular transformation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and metabolic reprogramming. In cancer cells, FER is activated downstream of cytokine and growth factor receptors – for example, it participates in interleukin‐6–mediated activation of STAT3 and the androgen receptor, thereby promoting proliferation and aggressive behavior in prostate cancer cells"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and facilitating cell transformation via its association with the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) to drive STAT3 activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, FER has been implicated in mediating resistance to chemotherapeutic agents by connecting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling to NF‐κB activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the nervous system, FER phosphorylates key cytoskeletal substrates such as tubulin and the microtubule regulator CRMP2 in response to semaphorin 3A, thereby modulating neurite retraction and axon guidance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, FER regulates cytoskeletal remodeling by phosphorylating RhoGDIα, which prevents its binding to the small GTPase Rac and thus influences cell migration and actin dynamics."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, in castrate‐resistant prostate cancer, FER contributes to aberrant androgen receptor signaling by directly phosphorylating the receptor, underlining its potential as a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies highlight FER’s versatile role in coupling receptor signals to downstream effectors that control transcriptional responses, cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell survival, making it an attractive candidate for targeted intervention in cancer and other diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amina Zoubeidi, Joice Rocha, Fatima Z Zouanat, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Fer tyrosine kinase cooperates with interleukin-6 to activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and promote human prostate cancer cell growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0117"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0117"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19147545"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19147545"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Johan Lennartsson, Haisha Ma, Piotr Wardega, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Fer tyrosine kinase is important for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein phosphorylation, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor growth in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.476424"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.476424"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23589302"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23589302"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Canhui Guo, George R Stark "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FER tyrosine kinase (FER) overexpression mediates resistance to quinacrine through EGF-dependent activation of NF-kappaB."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1105369108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105369108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21518868"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518868"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zoya Shapovalova, Kyrylo Tabunshchyk, Peter A Greer "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Fer tyrosine kinase regulates an axon retraction response to Semaphorin 3A in dorsal root ganglion neurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Dev Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-213X-7-133"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-133"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18053124"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18053124"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fei Fei, Soo-Mi Kweon, Leena Haataja, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Fer tyrosine kinase regulates interactions of Rho GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor α with the small GTPase Rac."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Biochem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2091-11-48"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-11-48"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21122136"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21122136"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joice Rocha, Fatima Z Zouanat, Amina Zoubeidi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Fer tyrosine kinase acts as a downstream interleukin-6 effector of androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Endocrinol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23906537"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23906537"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	PPP1R74, P94-FER, TYK3
Proteins	FER_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2241
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

FER has 8,891 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 138 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for FER from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

FER Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by FER gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of FER gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of FER gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of FER gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with FER gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with FER protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of FER gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of FER gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of FER gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of FER gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing FER protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing FER protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing FER protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with FER protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with FER protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of FER gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with FER gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with FER gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with FER gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with FER gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by FER gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving FER gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving FER gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with FER gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with FER gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with FER gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with FER gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with FER gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with FER gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at FER gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of FER gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.