FMO5 Gene

Name	flavin containing monooxygenase 5
Description	Metabolic N-oxidation of the diet-derived amino-trimethylamine (TMA) is mediated by flavin-containing monooxygenase and is subject to an inherited FMO3 polymorphism in man resulting in a small subpopulation with reduced TMA N-oxidation capacity resulting in fish odor syndrome Trimethylaminuria. Three forms of the enzyme, FMO1 found in fetal liver, FMO2 found in adult liver, and FMO3 are encoded by genes clustered in the 1q23-q25 region. Flavin-containing monooxygenases are NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom centers in drugs, pesticides, and xenobiotics. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Flavin‐containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) is emerging as a multifunctional enzyme with pivotal roles bridging energy metabolism, drug/xenobiotic biotransformation, and disease processes. For instance, gene disruption studies in mice have demonstrated that loss of FMO5 produces a lean, metabolically “younger” phenotype characterized by increased resting energy expenditure, enhanced fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue, and reduced lipid storage, thereby slowing metabolic aging (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n At the biochemical level, FMO5 displays distinct catalytic properties compared with other FMO isoforms. It exhibits a unique pH‐dependence profile and is capable of catalyzing specific oxidation reactions – such as a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation step in the oxidative ring‐opening of drugs exemplified by MRX-I – that underscore its specialized role in xenobiotic metabolism (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its distinctive substrate specificity has also been exploited in quantitative structure–activity relationship studies aimed at predicting species-specific drug metabolism (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its metabolic activities, aberrant expression of FMO5 is implicated in pathophysiological conditions. Elevated levels of FMO5 have been associated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer, suggesting that increased FMO5 expression contributes to tumorigenesis and may serve as an independent prognostic indicator (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, epigenome-wide analyses in breast cancer cells have identified FMO5 among critical genes modulated by selenium treatment, while independent studies in breast cancer models indicate that progesterone B-receptor signaling may induce FMO5 expression and thereby possibly enhance the bioactivation of carcinogenic intermediates (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n FMO5 is also of interest in the context of genomics, as it is located within regions (e.g., the 1q21.1–q21.2 locus) that are prone to copy number variation associated with diverse clinical phenotypes. Its inclusion in these CNVs suggests that altered dosage of FMO5 might influence systemic metabolic regulation and contribute to disease susceptibility (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, FMO5 is a key enzyme regulating metabolic aging and energy homeostasis via its specific roles in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. Its unique catalytic features and differential regulation in normal and pathological states make FMO5 an attractive target for further research, with potential implications for personalized medicine in metabolic disorders and cancer (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandra G Gonzalez Malagon, Anna N Melidoni, Diana Hernandez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The phenotype of a knockout mouse identifies flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) as a regulator of metabolic ageing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Pharmacol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bcp.2015.05.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2015.05.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26049045"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26049045"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Flora Scott, Sandra G Gonzalez Malagon, Brett A O'Brien, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) as a Regulator of Glucose Homeostasis and a Potential Sensor of Gut Bacteria."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Drug Metab Dispos (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1124/dmd.117.076612"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.117.076612"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28646079"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28646079"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michal Pravenec, Laura M Saba, Václav Zídek, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Systems genetic analysis of brown adipose tissue function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Physiol Genomics (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29127223"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29127223"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meike S Motika, Jun Zhang, Erik C Ralph, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "pH dependence on functional activity of human and mouse flavin-containing monooxygenase 5."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Pharmacol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22266355"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22266355"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian Meng, Dafang Zhong, Liang Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Metabolism of MRX-I, a novel antibacterial oxazolidinone, in humans: the oxidative ring opening of 2,3-Dihydropyridin-4-one catalyzed by non-P450 enzymes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Drug Metab Dispos (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1124/dmd.114.061747"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.061747"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25710940"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710940"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L H Overby, A R Buckpitt, M P Lawton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) cloned from human and guinea pig: evidence that the unique catalytic properties of FMO5 are not confined to the rabbit ortholog."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (1995)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/abbi.1995.1163"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1995.1163"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "7872795"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7872795"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tong Zhang, Ping Yang, Jianchang Wei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Lett (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ol.2018.7724"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7724"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29456741"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29456741"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhuo-Zhi Liang, Rui-Mei Zhu, Yue-Lin Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential epigenetic profiles induced by sodium selenite in breast cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Trace Elem Med Biol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126677"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126677"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33246299"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33246299"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M M Miller, R A James, J K Richer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Progesterone regulated expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 by the B-isoform of progesterone receptors: implications for tamoxifen carcinogenicity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1997)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/jcem.82.9.4239"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.9.4239"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "9284726"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9284726"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chih-Ping Chen, Shu-Yuan Chang, Yen-Ni Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prenatal diagnosis of a familial 1q21.1-q21.2 microdeletion in a fetus with polydactyly of left foot on prenatal ultrasound."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.tjog.2018.08.024"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2018.08.024"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30342663"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30342663"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "G Prashanth, Basavaraj Vastrad, Chanabasayya Vastrad, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential Molecular Mechanisms and Remdesivir Treatment for Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 Infection/COVID 19 Through RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioinform Biol Insights (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1177/11779322211067365"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/11779322211067365"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34992355"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34992355"}]}]}]}
Proteins	FMO5_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2330
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

FMO5 has 4,957 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 107 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for FMO5 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

FMO5 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of FMO5 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with FMO5 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of FMO5 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of FMO5 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of FMO5 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of FMO5 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing FMO5 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing FMO5 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with FMO5 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with FMO5 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of FMO5 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with FMO5 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with FMO5 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with FMO5 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by FMO5 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving FMO5 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving FMO5 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with FMO5 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with FMO5 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with FMO5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with FMO5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at FMO5 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of FMO5 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of FMO5 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing FMO5 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with FMO5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with FMO5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of FMO5 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with FMO5 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing FMO5 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.