GALP Gene

HGNC Family Endogenous ligands
Name galanin-like peptide
Description This gene encodes a member of the galanin family of neuropeptides. The encoded protein binds galanin receptors 1, 2 and 3 with the highest affinity for galanin receptor 3 and has been implicated in biological processes involving the central nervous system including hypothalamic regulation of metabolism and reproduction. A peptide encoded by a splice variant of this gene, termed alarin, has vasoactive properties, displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli, and may serve as a marker for neuroblastic tumors.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Galanin‐like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide derived from a precursor whose mature 60–amino acid form shares sequence homology with the N‐terminal region of galanin. Early studies demonstrated that GALP preferentially binds the GALR2 receptor, suggesting that it acts as an endogenous ligand with a unique receptor selectivity profile."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In primates, the expression of GALP mRNA is confined to the arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and neurohypophysis, with nearly all GALP‐expressing neurons coexpressing the long form of the leptin receptor. This anatomical organization points to a leptin–GALP signaling pathway that may link peripheral nutritional status to central mechanisms controlling both energy homeostasis and reproduction"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ";."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In rodents, central administration of GALP produces complex effects on energy balance; it can acutely stimulate feeding (an orexigenic effect), yet over the longer term elicit anorexia and a febrile response. The latter outcomes appear to be mediated, at least in part, via the induction of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, studies employing conditional gene targeting to disrupt phosphoinositide 3–kinase signaling in GALP‐expressing neurons have revealed a role for GALP in the sex‐specific regulation of luteinizing hormone release, thereby implicating these neurons in the metabolic control of reproduction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Complementary findings using intranasal delivery of GALP in obese rodents report reductions in food intake and stabilization of body weight, highlighting its potential as an anti‐obesity agent."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Developmental analyses further indicate that GALP expression in the hypothalamus emerges postnatally and increases markedly during the weaning and pubertal periods, suggesting that it may contribute to the maturation of feeding circuits and reproductive functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, the observation that GALP‐producing fibers contact dopaminergic neurons hints at an additional layer of neuroendocrine integration, possibly influencing prolactin secretion and other aspects of reproductive regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T Ohtaki, S Kumano, Y Ishibashi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isolation and cDNA cloning of a novel galanin-like peptide (GALP) from porcine hypothalamus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (1999)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.274.52.37041"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.52.37041"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10601261"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10601261"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew J Cunningham, Jarrad M Scarlett, Robert A Steiner "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cloning and distribution of galanin-like peptide mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the macaque."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrinology (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/endo.143.3.8661"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.143.3.8661"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11861493"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11861493"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Satoshi Kumano, Hirokazu Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Takatsu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Changes in hypothalamic expression levels of galanin-like peptide in rat and mouse models support that it is a leptin-target peptide."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrinology (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/en.2002-221113"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-221113"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12746327"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12746327"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pui-Sin Man, Catherine B Lawrence "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interleukin-1 mediates the anorexic and febrile actions of galanin-like Peptide."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrinology (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/en.2008-0252"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0252"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18617619"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18617619"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R Aziz, M Beymer, A L Negrón, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Galanin-like peptide (GALP) neurone-specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling regulates GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of males and luteinising hormone levels in both sexes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neuroendocrinol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jne.12163"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12163"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24796383"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24796383"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leona Wagner, Florian Kaestner, Raik Wolf, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identifying neuropeptide Y (NPY) as the main stress-related substrate of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in blood circulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuropeptides (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.npep.2016.02.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2016.02.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26988064"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26988064"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rinko Kawagoe, Yukiyo Yamamoto, Kazuyasu Kubo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Postnatal development of galanin-like peptide mRNA expression in rat hypothalamus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regul Pept (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.regpep.2007.09.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.09.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17950941"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17950941"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Haruaki Kageyama, Fumiko Takenoya, Yasunori Hori, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Morphological interaction between galanin-like peptide- and dopamine-containing neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regul Pept (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17916390"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17916390"}]}]}]}
Proteins GALP_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 85569
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View GALP's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View GALP's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View GALP's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

GALP has 3,349 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 76 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GALP from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of GALP gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GALP gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of GALP gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 transcription factors binding the promoter of GALP gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing GALP protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing GALP protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing GALP protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components co-occuring with GALP protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with GALP protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of GALP gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with GALP gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by GALP gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with GALP gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with GALP gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with GALP gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with GALP gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GALP gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GALP gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of GALP gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GALP from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
GAD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with GALP gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with GALP gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with GALP gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GALP from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases disease perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 biological processes involving GALP gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 biological processes involving GALP gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 biological processes involving GALP gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 cellular components containing GALP protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 molecular functions performed by GALP gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 molecular functions performed by GALP gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx eQTL 2025 SNPs regulating expression of GALP gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 tissues with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset.
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations diseases associated with GALP gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset.
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with GALP gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GALP protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GALP protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with GALP gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for GALP protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of GALP gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of GALP gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by GALP gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of GALP gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by GALP gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles drug perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 pathways involving GALP protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 pathways involving GALP protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset.
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of GALP gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GALP gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of GALP gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of GALP gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of GALP gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of GALP protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of GALP protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of GALP protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with GALP protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with GALP protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.