GAP43 Gene

Name	growth associated protein 43
Description	The protein encoded by this gene has been termed a 'growth' or 'plasticity' protein because it is expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during development and axonal regeneration. This protein is considered a crucial component of an effective regenerative response in the nervous system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP43) is a pivotal mediator of axonal outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal regeneration. Its dynamic expression and precise localization in growth cones is essential for neurite extension during both development and post‐injury repair. For example, diminished axonal GAP43 mRNA and protein levels are observed in spinal muscular atrophy, and strategies that restore its localization within neurites can rescue axon‐outgrowth defects."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In injury models of the peripheral nervous system, increased GAP43 expression serves as an informative marker for regenerative axon sprouting, as its upregulation correlates with enhanced axonal regeneration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " At the transcriptional level, GAP43 is also actively induced by key regulatory complexes. For instance, acetylated p53 in conjunction with the acetyltransferases CBP/p300 directly up‐regulates GAP43 expression to drive a pro‐axon outgrowth program during regeneration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, GAP43 activation is modulated by kinase‐dependent signaling cascades. The activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and associated pathways (e.g. via mTORC2) influences the phosphorylation and functional status of GAP43, thereby affecting neuronal morphology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, developmental cues and epigenetic regulators help shape the neuronal transcriptome, with GAP43 expression being subject to regulation by factors that govern neural differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies indicate that GAP43 functions as an integrator of diverse molecular signals—ranging from mRNA localization and translational control to transcriptional and kinase-mediated regulation—to promote neurite outgrowth, axonal regeneration, and synaptic remodeling. This central role not only underlines its utility as a biomarker for neural repair processes but also highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Honglai L Zhang, Feng Pan, Daewha Hong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Active transport of the survival motor neuron protein and the role of exon-7 in cytoplasmic localization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12878704"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12878704"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Claudia Fallini, Paul G Donlin-Asp, Jeremy P Rouanet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deficiency of the Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Impairs mRNA Localization and Local Translation in the Growth Cone of Motor Neurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2396-15.2016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2396-15.2016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27030765"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27030765"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jung Eun Shin, Stefanie Geisler, Aaron DiAntonio "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dynamic regulation of SCG10 in regenerating axons after injury."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Neurol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24246279"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24246279"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David B Arthur, Katerina Akassoglou, Paul A Insel "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P2Y2 receptor activates nerve growth factor/TrkA signaling to enhance neuronal differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0505913102"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505913102"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16365320"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16365320"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Tedeschi, T Nguyen, R Puttagunta, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A p53-CBP/p300 transcription module is required for GAP-43 expression, axon outgrowth, and regeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cdd.2008.175"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.175"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19057620"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19057620"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ian T Fiddes, Gerrald A Lodewijk, Meghan Mooring, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human-Specific NOTCH2NL Genes Affect Notch Signaling and Cortical Neurogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.051"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.051"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29856954"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29856954"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Günther H S Richter, Stephanie Plehm, Annette Fasan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EZH2 is a mediator of EWS/FLI1 driven tumor growth and metastasis blocking endothelial and neuro-ectodermal differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0810759106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810759106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19289832"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19289832"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fayçal Guedj, Patricia Lopes Pereira, Sonia Najas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DYRK1A: a master regulatory protein controlling brain growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurobiol Dis (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.nbd.2012.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2012.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22293606"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22293606"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	B-50, PP46
Proteins	NEUM_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2596
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GAP43 has 7,483 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 116 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GAP43 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GAP43 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by GAP43 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GAP43 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with GAP43 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GAP43 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GAP43 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GAP43 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GAP43 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GAP43 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GAP43 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GAP43 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with GAP43 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GAP43 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GAP43 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GAP43 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with GAP43 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GAP43 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with GAP43 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by GAP43 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with GAP43 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GAP43 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GAP43 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GAP43 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GAP43 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GAP43 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GAP43 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GAP43 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GAP43 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GAP43 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GAP43 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GAP43 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with GAP43 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.