| Name | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Description | This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| Synonyms | G3PD, GAPD, HEL-S-162EP |
| Proteins | G3P_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2597 |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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GAPDH has 12,656 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 109 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for GAPDH from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles | cell lines with fitness changed by GAPDH gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Biocarta Pathways | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset. | |
| BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with GAPDH protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with GAPDH gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GAPDH gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of GAPDH gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of GAPDH gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing GAPDH protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing GAPDH protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with GAPDH protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| CORUM Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing GAPDH protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with GAPDH gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with GAPDH gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with GAPDH gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action | small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of GAPDH protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with GAPDH gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with GAPDH gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with GAPDH gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| DrugBank Drug Targets | interacting drugs for GAPDH protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GAPDH gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GAPDH gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of GAPDH gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GAPDH from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with GAPDH gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with GAPDH gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with GAPDH gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GAPDH from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins | ligands (chemical) binding GAPDH protein from the GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving GAPDH gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving GAPDH gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing GAPDH protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing GAPDH protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by GAPDH gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by GAPDH gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for GAPDH protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
| HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for GAPDH from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with GAPDH gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| HumanCyc Pathways | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset. | |
| IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes | phenotypes of mice caused by GAPDH gene knockout from the IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for GAPDH protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of GAPDH gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| KEA Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate GAPDH protein from the curated KEA Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
| Kinase Library Serine Threonine Kinome Atlas | kinases that phosphorylate GAPDH protein from the Kinase Library Serine Threonine Atlas dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of GAPDH gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing GAPDH protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain GAPDH protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by GAPDH gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting GAPDH gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of GAPDH gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by GAPDH gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| MW Gene Metabolite Associations | interacting metabolites for GAPDH protein from the MW Gene Metabolite Associations dataset. | |
| NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing GAPDH protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
| PANTHER Pathways | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the PANTHER Pathways dataset. | |
| Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for GAPDH from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with GAPDH protein in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate GAPDH protein from the curated PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
| PID Pathways | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the PID Pathways dataset. | |
| ProteomicsDB Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the ProteomicsDB Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of GAPDH gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GAPDH gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with GAPDH protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| SynGO Synaptic Gene Annotations | synaptic terms associated with GAPDH gene from the SynGO Synaptic Gene Annotations dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of GAPDH gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of GAPDH gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of GAPDH gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of GAPDH protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of GAPDH protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with GAPDH protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| Virus MINT Protein-Viral Protein Interactions | interacting viral proteins for GAPDH from the Virus MINT Protein-Viral Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| Virus MINT Protein-Virus Interactions | viruses interacting with GAPDH from the Virus MINT Protein-Virus Interactions dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving GAPDH protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
