{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Several investigations have unveiled distinct “GAPT” functions across diverse biomedical fields. In the realm of cancer diagnostics, one study showed that incorporating urinary extracellular vesicle GATA2 mRNA into a multigene “GAPT‐E” score significantly improved the discrimination of prostate cancer—including high‐grade disease—and helped to reduce unnecessary biopsies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In immunology, a newly identified transmembrane adaptor molecule—termed GAPT (Grb2‐binding adaptor protein, transmembrane)—is expressed in B cells and myeloid cells. This adaptor constitutively associates with Grb2 via its proline‐rich region and appears to modulate B cell activation, as its absence enhances B cell proliferation and perturbs marginal zone B cell homeostasis, thereby influencing humoral immune responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In metabolic studies, the gene referred to as GAPT is featured among a panel of hepatic lipogenesis‐related genes whose expression is downregulated by botanical extracts from Salicornia herbacea and Euonymus alatus. These modulations coincide with improvements in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, suggesting a role for GAPT in the regulation of lipid synthesis and glucose metabolism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In a different context, “GAPT charges” refer to atomic polar tensor‐derived charges that quantitatively capture dipole moment derivatives and electronic distributions in molecules. Computational and spectroscopic studies have employed GAPT charges to assess molecular force fields and electronic characteristics in systems ranging from cyclophanes to methyl isocyanide."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Thus, the term “GAPT” spans multiple applications—from a diagnostic biomarker component and immune adaptor protein to a metabolic gene marker and a computational descriptor—underscoring its multifaceted utility in biomedical research.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Woo, S Santasusagna, J Banks, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Urine Extracellular Vesicle GATA2 mRNA Discriminates Biopsy Result in Men with Suspicion of Prostate Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Urol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/JU.0000000000001066"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001066"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32250729"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32250729"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Liu, Weiguo Zhang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a new transmembrane adaptor protein that constitutively binds Grb2 in B cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Leukoc Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1189/jlb.0208087"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0208087"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18559951"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559951"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sang Hyun Park, Sung Kwon Ko, Jin Gyu Choi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Salicornia herbacea prevents high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in ICR mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Pharm Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/BF02969402"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969402"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16597000"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597000"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wagner E Richter, Roy E Bruns "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Revisiting the integrated infrared intensities and atomic polar tensors of the boron trihalides."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27092735"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27092735"}]}]}]}