GFOD1 Gene

Name	glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing 1
Description	Predicted to enable nucleotide binding activity and oxidoreductase activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GFOD1, a member of the small glucose‐fructose oxidoreductase domain–containing gene family, remains largely uncharacterized despite emerging in multiple large‐scale studies. Notably, genome‐wide analyses in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identified an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in GFOD1 that was significantly associated with inattentive symptoms, suggesting a potential role in neurodevelopment and neurotransmission."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Supporting this, RNA in situ hybridization in zebrafish revealed that gfod1 is expressed in the central nervous system, including in a subset of GABAergic neurons, implying involvement in brain development and function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond neuropsychiatric contexts, GFOD1 has been implicated in several other disease processes. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, GFOD1 is significantly upregulated in tumor tissue, and its expression correlates with histological grade and disease progression, making it a potential biomarker for poor prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, transcriptome analyses in acute myocardial infarction have identified GFOD1 among a small subset of overlapping genes with diagnostic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of muscle degeneration, GFOD1 was one of four molecular markers used to construct a ceRNA network that accurately predicted sarcopenia risk, underscoring its emerging role as a predictive indicator in this condition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, analysis of open chromatin regions and loop‐prediction models has implicated regulatory SNP–gene loops that may affect GFOD1 expression, suggesting that long‐range chromatin interactions could modulate its transcription in relation to cardiovascular disease risk."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although GFOD1 is defined by an oxidoreductase domain, its precise enzymatic function and broader biological roles remain to be elucidated. Collectively, these studies highlight GFOD1 as a multifaceted gene with potential roles in neurodevelopment, tumor progression, cardiac events, and muscle physiology, warranting further functional investigation.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jessica Lasky-Su, Benjamin M Neale, Barbara Franke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ajmg.b.30867"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30867"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18821565"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18821565"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carina G Lechermeier, Andrea D'Orazio, Marcel Romanos, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Distribution of transcripts of the GFOD gene family members gfod1 and gfod2 in the zebrafish central nervous system."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene Expr Patterns (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gep.2020.119111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gep.2020.119111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32197942"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32197942"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R N Mustafin, R F Enikeeva, S B Malykh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Genetics and epigenetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.17116/jnevro2018118091106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2018118091106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30335081"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30335081"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiao-Rong Wu, Yong-Hui Chen, Wei Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GFOD1 and peejar are promising markers for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma disease progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.9379"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9379"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27191742"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27191742"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhihua Liu, Chenguang Ma, Junhua Gu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomed Eng Online (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12938-019-0625-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-019-0625-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30683112"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30683112"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yao Wang, Zhi-Jie Zhao, Xue-Ran Kang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "lncRNA DLEU2 acts as a miR-181a sponge to regulate SEPP1 and inhibit skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aging (Albany NY) (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/aging.104095"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.104095"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33221762"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33221762"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yin Shen, Quan Zhong, Tian Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CharID: a two-step model for universal prediction of interactions between chromatin accessible regions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brief Bioinform (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/bib/bbab602"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab602"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35077535"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35077535"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ADG-90, C6ORF114
Proteins	GFOD1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	54438
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GFOD1 has 7,542 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 108 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GFOD1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GFOD1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by GFOD1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GFOD1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GFOD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GFOD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with GFOD1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GFOD1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GFOD1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GFOD1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GFOD1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of GFOD1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing GFOD1 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GFOD1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GFOD1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GFOD1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GFOD1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GFOD1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GFOD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GFOD1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with GFOD1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GFOD1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with GFOD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of GFOD1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by GFOD1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GFOD1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GFOD1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GFOD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GFOD1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GFOD1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GFOD1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GFOD1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GFOD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.