GK2 Gene

HGNC Family Glycerol kinases (GK)
Name glycerol kinase 2
Description Predicted to enable glycerol kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process; sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly; and triglyceride metabolic process. Located in sperm midpiece. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Glycerol kinase 2 (GK2) plays a pivotal role during spermatogenesis by ensuring the proper organization of mitochondria in developing spermatozoa. In mice, loss of GK2 function leads to mislocalization of crescent‐shaped mitochondria, resulting in an abnormally formed mitochondrial sheath and the exposure of outer dense fibers along the sperm flagellum. This defect in mitochondrial arrangement likely compromises energy metabolism and overall sperm function, contributing to male infertility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Complementary proteomic studies have identified a testis‐specific isoform of GK2 whose differential abundance correlates with variations in energy metabolism-related protein levels in sperm, suggesting that GK2 is intricately linked with the regulation of metabolic pathways essential for sperm motility and maturation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, recent investigations have specifically localized GK2 to the mitochondria of spermatids, reinforcing its critical role in mitochondrial dynamics during the final steps of spermiogenesis and further supporting the notion that proper mitochondrial positioning is essential for healthy sperm development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Keisuke Shimada, Hirotaka Kato, Haruhiko Miyata, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glycerol kinase 2 is essential for proper arrangement of crescent-like mitochondria to form the mitochondrial sheath during mouse spermatogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Reprod Dev (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1262/jrd.2018-136"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2018-136"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30662012"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30662012"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Archana Bharadwaj Siva, Duvvuri Butchi Kameshwari, Vaibhav Singh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteomics-based study on asthenozoospermia: differential expression of proteasome alpha complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Hum Reprod (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/molehr/gaq009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaq009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20304782"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20304782"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuxi Chen, Puping Liang, Yan Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glycerol kinase-like proteins cooperate with Pld6 in regulating sperm mitochondrial sheath formation and male fertility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Discov (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/celldisc.2017.30"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/celldisc.2017.30"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28852571"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852571"}]}]}]}
Synonyms GKP2, GKTA
Proteins GLPK2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 2712
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View GK2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View GK2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View GK2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

GK2 has 1,969 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 78 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GK2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles cell lines with fitness changed by GK2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GK2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of GK2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing GK2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing GK2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components co-occuring with GK2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with GK2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with GK2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with GK2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by GK2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases associated with GK2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases associated with GK2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with GK2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with GK2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GK2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GK2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of GK2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with GK2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GK2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases disease perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 biological processes involving GK2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 biological processes involving GK2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 cellular components containing GK2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 cellular components containing GK2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 molecular functions performed by GK2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 molecular functions performed by GK2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 phenotypes associated with GK2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes interacting metabolites for GK2 protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of GK2 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with GK2 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
HumanCyc Pathways pathways involving GK2 protein from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for GK2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of GK2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of GK2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of GK2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
KEGG Pathways pathways involving GK2 protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of GK2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with GK2 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations cellular components containing GK2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain GK2 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by GK2 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of GK2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules co-expressed genes for GK2 from the MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 pathways involving GK2 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 pathways involving GK2 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset.
Reactome Pathways 2014 pathways involving GK2 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset.
Reactome Pathways 2024 pathways involving GK2 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GK2 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of GK2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of GK2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of GK2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of GK2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of GK2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of GK2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of GK2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with GK2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with GK2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 pathways involving GK2 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset.
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 pathways involving GK2 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset.