{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GPR162 is an orphan G protein–coupled receptor of the Rhodopsin family that has been chiefly characterized by its widespread and region‐specific expression in the mammalian brain. In mouse studies, GPR162 is prominently expressed in GABAergic and other neurons of the hippocampus as well as in brain regions central to energy homeostasis and hedonic feeding—including the hypothalamus, amygdala, and ventral tegmental area—which underscores its potential role in modulating feeding behavior and associated reward processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Phylogenetic analyses have further clustered GPR162 with receptors such as GPR153 and have revealed a possible ligand association with catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), suggesting that GPR162 may share functional similarities with other biogenic amine receptors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Notably, although GPR162 exhibits high expression levels in the hypothalamus, its mRNA levels do not appear to fluctuate in response to nutritional challenges such as fasting or a high‐fat diet"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", yet human genetic investigations have linked variants in the GPR162 gene with disturbances in glucose homeostasis and possibly with metabolic complications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, proteomic profiling in renal cell carcinoma has identified peptide fragments corresponding to GPR162, a finding that hints at a potential role in tumor pathogenesis and progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies position GPR162 as an evolutionarily conserved receptor with promising implications in neurophysiological processes related to energy balance and feeding, as well as in metabolic regulation and cancer, although its endogenous ligand and detailed signaling mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vanni Caruso, Maria G Hägglund, Luca Badiali, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The G protein-coupled receptor GPR162 is widely distributed in the CNS and highly expressed in the hypothalamus and in hedonic feeding areas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.042"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.042"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25275856"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25275856"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vanni Caruso, Smitha Sreedharan, Valeria P Carlini, et al. 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