{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GPR42 is a G protein‐coupled receptor that belongs to a cluster of receptors related to free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3/GPR41). Initially identified as a duplication of GPR41 and even considered a potential pseudogene due to its high sequence similarity (≈98%) with GPR41, subsequent studies have challenged this notion. In fact, several investigations have demonstrated that polymorphisms—including key substitutions such as the variant at amino acid 174—result in a significant proportion of GPR42 alleles encoding functionally active receptors. Moreover, the presence of diverse haplotypes, copy number variations, and processed transcripts in human tissues indicate that GPR42 can be expressed and may exhibit pharmacologically distinct profiles compared with its closely related counterpart. Together, these findings suggest that GPR42, rather than being an inactive pseudogene, may contribute to fatty acid signaling in humans and should be considered a functional receptor with potential implications for metabolic regulation and therapeutic targeting."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chen W Liaw, Daniel T Connolly "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sequence polymorphisms provide a common consensus sequence for GPR41 and GPR42."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DNA Cell Biol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1089/dna.2009.0916"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2009.0916"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19630535"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19630535"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Henry L Puhl, Yu-Jin Won, Van B Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human GPR42 is a transcribed multisite variant that exhibits copy number polymorphism and is functional when heterologously expressed."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep12880"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12880"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26260360"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26260360"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andrew J Brown, Susan M Goldsworthy, Ashley A Barnes, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M211609200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M211609200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12496283"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12496283"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Sawzdargo, S R George, T Nguyen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A cluster of four novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes occurring in close proximity to CD22 gene on chromosome 19q13.1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1997)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/bbrc.1997.7513"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.7513"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "9344866"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9344866"}]}]}]}