GRIA1 Gene

HGNC Family	Ion channels, Glutamate receptors
Name	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1
Description	Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits, each possessing transmembrane regions, and all arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. This gene belongs to a family of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GRIA1, which encodes the GluA1 subunit of AMPA‐type glutamate receptors, plays a central role in fast excitatory neurotransmission and activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory. Its precise regulation occurs at multiple levels. For instance, astrocyte‐derived signals, such as glypicans, promote the localized increase and clustering of GluA1 at the neuronal surface, thereby enhancing glutamatergic signaling and facilitating the formation of functional synapses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, studies using gene‐targeted mice lacking GRIA1 reveal that loss of GluA1 leads to selective deficits in spatial working memory while sparing other forms of hippocampus‐dependent memory."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n At the molecular level, the regulated insertion of GluA1 into the postsynaptic membrane is critical for long‐term potentiation (LTP) and memory consolidation. Activity‐dependent exocytic events—mediated by adaptor proteins like 4.1N and modulated by post‐translational modifications such as palmitoylation and phosphorylation—ensure that GluA1 is delivered appropriately to the synapse."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, phosphorylation of GluA1 by kinases such as CaMKII enhances receptor conductance by decreasing the activation energy for conformational changes during channel opening"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and new protein synthesis–dependent recruitment of GluA1 into mature dendritic spines has been observed during learning."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, regulated local translation of GRIA1 mRNA, for example through interactions with RNA‐binding proteins such as FMRP, further refines synaptic composition and function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Together, these studies highlight that the dynamic trafficking, synaptic clustering, and post‐translational modification of GluA1 are essential for modulating synaptic strength and ensuring proper cognitive function. Disruptions in these processes contribute to synaptic dysfunction observed in various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicola J Allen, Mariko L Bennett, Lynette C Foo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Astrocyte glypicans 4 and 6 promote formation of excitatory synapses via GluA1 AMPA receptors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature11059"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11059"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22722203"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22722203"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D Reisel, D M Bannerman, W B Schmitt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Spatial memory dissociations in mice lacking GluR1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn910"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn910"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12195431"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195431"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Da-Ting Lin, Yuichi Makino, Kamal Sharma, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of AMPA receptor extrasynaptic insertion by 4.1N, phosphorylation and palmitoylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn.2351"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2351"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19503082"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19503082"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anders S Kristensen, Meagan A Jenkins, Tue G Banke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mechanism of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II regulation of AMPA receptor gating."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Neurosci (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nn.2804"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2804"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21516102"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21516102"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Naoki Matsuo, Leon Reijmers, Mark Mayford "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Spine-type-specific recruitment of newly synthesized AMPA receptors with learning."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1149967"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1149967"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18292343"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18292343"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ravi S Muddashetty, Sofija Kelić, Christina Gross, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dysregulated metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent translation of AMPA receptor and postsynaptic density-95 mRNAs at synapses in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0937-07.2007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0937-07.2007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17507556"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17507556"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	GLUH1, GLURA, GLUR1, GLUA1, HBGR1
Proteins	GRIA1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2890
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GRIA1 has 7,740 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 131 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GRIA1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GRIA1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GRIA1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GRIA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GRIA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GRIA1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GRIA1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GRIA1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GRIA1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with GRIA1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of GRIA1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GRIA1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GRIA1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GRIA1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with GRIA1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GRIA1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GRIA1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with GRIA1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GRIA1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with GRIA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by GRIA1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for GRIA1 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with GRIA1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with GRIA1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GRIA1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GRIA1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GRIA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GRIA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for GRIA1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GRIA1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GRIA1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GRIA1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GRIA1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.