GRWD1 Gene

HGNC Family	WD repeat domain containing (WDR)
Name	glutamate-rich WD repeat containing 1
Description	This gene encodes a glutamate-rich protein that contains five WD-repeat motifs. The encoded protein may play a critical role in ribosome biogenesis and may also play a role in histone methylation through interactions with CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin E3 ligase. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GRWD1 is a multifunctional WD40‐repeat protein that plays diverse roles in controlling cell growth and genome stability. On one hand, GRWD1 acts as a histone chaperone that modulates chromatin dynamics: it promotes chromatin fluidity by disassembling nucleosomes (specifically facilitating the transient eviction of H2A–H2B dimers) and thereby enhances MCM helicase loading at replication origins, a process essential for proper replication licensing (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " On the other hand, GRWD1 exerts oncogenic effects by antagonizing the tumor suppressor p53. It does so through interactions with ribosomal proteins – notably RPL11 and RPL23 – sequestering them away from MDM2, which leads to enhanced p53 ubiquitination and reduced p53 activity. Accordingly, elevated levels of GRWD1 have been found in various cancers, where its overexpression correlates with increased cell proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and adverse clinical outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, GRWD1 is implicated in epigenetic remodeling during oncogenic transformation, as illustrated by its cooperation with histone methyltransferase complexes (involving WDR5 and MLL2) to regulate H3K4me3 deposition in virus‐induced cellular transformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to these nuclear roles, initial identification studies in myeloid cells suggested that GRWD1, originally characterized as a vitamin D3–regulated gene, participates in ribosome biogenesis and global protein synthesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings underscore GRWD1’s dual functions in regulating chromatin structure and replication licensing as well as in modulating ribosomal protein–mediated p53 control, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis and offering potential prognostic and therapeutic insights."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masahiro Aizawa, Nozomi Sugimoto, Shinya Watanabe, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleosome assembly and disassembly activity of GRWD1, a novel Cdt1-binding protein that promotes pre-replication complex formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.08.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.08.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27552915"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27552915"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mirit I Aladjem, Christophe E Redon "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Order from clutter: selective interactions at mammalian replication origins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Rev Genet (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nrg.2016.141"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.141"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27867195"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27867195"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kota Kayama, Shinya Watanabe, Takuya Takafuji, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GRWD1 negatively regulates p53 via the RPL11-MDM2 pathway and promotes tumorigenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.15252/embr.201642444"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201642444"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27856536"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856536"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroki Fujiyama, Takahiro Tsuji, Kensuke Hironaka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GRWD1 directly interacts with p53 and negatively regulates p53 transcriptional activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biochem (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jb/mvz075"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvz075"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31545368"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31545368"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shinya Watanabe, Hiroki Fujiyama, Takuya Takafuji, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GRWD1 regulates ribosomal protein L23 levels via the ubiquitin-proteasome system."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.213009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.213009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29991511"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29991511"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yumeng Wu, Xuming Wu, Yuanyuan Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Comprehensive Analysis of Glutamate-Rich WD Repeat-Containing Protein 1 and Its Potential Clinical Significance for Pancancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomed Res Int (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2021/8201377"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8201377"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34616846"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34616846"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shan Wei, Songjian Lu, Lifan Liang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GRWD1-WDR5-MLL2 Epigenetic Complex Mediates H3K4me3 Mark and Is Essential for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Induced Cellular Transformation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "mBio (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/mbio.03431-21"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03431-21"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34933446"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34933446"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kim Gratenstein, Arnold D Heggestad, Jenny Fortun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The WD-repeat protein GRWD1: potential roles in myeloid differentiation and ribosome biogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomics (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.02.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.02.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15885502"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15885502"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Zhou, Jin Shang, Xing Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical Significance and Oncogenic Activity of GRWD1 Overexpression in the Development of Colon Carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Onco Targets Ther (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2147/OTT.S290475"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S290475"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33688204"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33688204"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	WDR28, RRB1, CDW4, GRWD
Proteins	GRWD1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	83743
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GRWD1 has 10,841 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 108 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GRWD1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GRWD1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GRWD1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with GRWD1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GRWD1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GRWD1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GRWD1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GRWD1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of GRWD1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GRWD1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GRWD1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GRWD1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GRWD1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GRWD1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with GRWD1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GRWD1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GRWD1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with GRWD1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GRWD1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of GRWD1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GRWD1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GRWD1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GRWD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GRWD1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GRWD1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GRWD1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GRWD1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GRWD1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GRWD1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GRWD1 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of GRWD1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.