GSTCD Gene

Name	glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain containing
Description	Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GSTCD was originally identified through genome‐wide association studies as a novel candidate gene associated with quantitative lung function measures—specifically forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio—in diverse populations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, variations in GSTCD have been implicated in modulating susceptibility to oxidative stress associated with air pollution exposure."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Expression studies in human lung tissue have shown that GSTCD is ubiquitously expressed, with evidence of developmentally regulated protein levels during fetal lung maturation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " However, functional characterization of GSTCD in airway‐relevant cells has revealed that, despite its name, the protein does not exhibit classical glutathione S‐transferase enzymatic activity. Instead, structural analyses have uncovered a potential methyltransferase domain that may be linked to cell viability and apoptotic processes. In support of this, siRNA‐mediated knockdown experiments in bronchial epithelial cells demonstrated that GSTCD is important for maintaining cell viability and that its suppression affects the expression of genes related to fibrosis and inflammation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In vivo studies further underscore the biological relevance of GSTCD in the lung. Specifically, GSTCD knockout mice display an exaggerated inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as evidenced by increased TNFα production and a significant reduction in airway contraction in precision cut lung slices."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, evidence from studies in livestock has suggested that genetic variation in GSTCD may also influence sperm membrane integrity"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", hinting at broader roles in cellular homeostasis.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that GSTCD plays a multifaceted role in pulmonary physiology and inflammatory responses that extends beyond traditional detoxification functions. Its involvement in lung function regulation, cell viability, and inflammatory signaling suggests that GSTCD may participate in complex molecular networks within the airway, warranting further mechanistic studies.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dana B Hancock, Mark Eijgelsheim, Jemma B Wilk, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identify multiple loci associated with pulmonary function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.500"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.500"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20010835"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010835"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emmanouela Repapi, Ian Sayers, Louise V Wain, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with lung function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.501"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.501"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20010834"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010834"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ma'en Obeidat, Suzanne Miller, Kelly Probert, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GSTCD and INTS12 regulation and expression in the human lung."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0074630"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074630"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24058608"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24058608"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Levinsson, Anna-Carin Olin, Lars Modig, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interaction effects of long-term air pollution exposure and variants in the GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTCD genes on risk of acute myocardial infarction and hypertension: a case-control study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0099043"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099043"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24915237"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24915237"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amanda P Henry, Kelly Probert, Ceri E Stewart, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Defining a role for lung function associated gene GSTCD in cell homeostasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Respir Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12931-019-1146-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1146-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31370853"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31370853"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bo Liu, Amanda P Henry, Sheyda Azimi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces contractile response of small airways from GSTCD-/- mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221899"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221899"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31513609"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513609"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stanisław Kamiński, Dorota M Hering, Kamil Oleński, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study for sperm membrane integrity in frozen-thawed semen of Holstein-Friesian bulls."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anim Reprod Sci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.05.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.05.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27236378"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27236378"}]}]}]}
Proteins	GSTCD_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	79807
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GSTCD has 5,737 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 108 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GSTCD from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GSTCD Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GSTCD gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GSTCD gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with GSTCD protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GSTCD gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GSTCD gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTCD gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTCD gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of GSTCD gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GSTCD gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GSTCD protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GSTCD protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with GSTCD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GSTCD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GSTCD gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GSTCD gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTCD gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with GSTCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by GSTCD gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with GSTCD gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with GSTCD gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GSTCD gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GSTCD gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GSTCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GSTCD gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GSTCD gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTCD gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GSTCD from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTCD gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.