GSTM5 Gene

HGNC Family	Glutathione S-transferases (GST)
Name	glutathione S-transferase mu 5
Description	Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Diversification of these genes has occurred in regions encoding substrate-binding domains, as well as in tissue expression patterns, to accommodate an increasing number of foreign compounds. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GSTM5, a member of the mu class of glutathione S‐transferases, plays diverse roles in cellular defense mechanisms that counteract oxidative stress and modulate tissue‐specific functions. In models of tissue reoxygenation following hypoxia, GSTM5 is among the antioxidant enzymes induced via NRF2 signaling to neutralize reactive oxygen species and promote cellular recovery."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Conversely, in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) epigenetic studies, hypermethylation of the GSTM5 promoter is associated with reduced mRNA levels in retinal tissues, a finding that may predispose cells to oxidative damage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In acetaminophen‐induced liver injury, JNK activation antagonizes NRF2‐dependent transcription, leading to the downregulation of GSTM5 (along with other detoxifying enzymes), thereby impairing the antioxidant response and exacerbating hepatotoxicity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In bladder cancer, p62‐mediated sequestration of KEAP1 results in NRF2 activation and upregulation of GSTM5, which appears to protect cancer cells from oxidative stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond these roles in oxidative defense, GSTM5 also contributes to tissue‐specific functions; for example, in the testis, GSTM5 is a spermatogenic cell–specific component of the fibrous sheath where it interacts with a testis‐specific phosphofructokinase isozyme, suggesting a role in modulating sperm energy metabolism and motility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Genetic studies further implicate GSTM5 in vascular homeostasis, with certain genetic variants correlating with reduced mRNA expression in renal tissues and linking altered GSTM5 expression to susceptibility for hypertension."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In meningiomas, decreased GSTM5 expression marks aggressive tumor phenotypes, indicating that its downregulation may be a marker of tumor progression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in lung cancer, polymorphisms within the GSTM5 locus are associated with overall survival, suggesting that genetic variability in GSTM5 can influence disease outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings highlight that GSTM5 functions as a key antioxidant enzyme whose expression is finely tuned by environmental stresses, epigenetic modifications, and genetic variants. Its regulation not only helps maintain redox homeostasis in a variety of tissues but also influences disease susceptibility and progression in contexts as diverse as retinal degeneration, liver injury, cancer, reproductive biology, and vascular health.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martin O Leonard, Niamh E Kieran, Katherine Howell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reoxygenation-specific activation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 mediates cytoprotective gene expression in ischemia-reperfusion injury."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.06-5097fje"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-5097fje"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17142801"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17142801"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Allan Hunter, Paul A Spechler, Alyssa Cwanger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DNA methylation is associated with altered gene expression in AMD."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1167/iovs.11-8449"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8449"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22410570"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22410570"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Allan A Hunter, Zeljka Smit-McBride, Rachel Anderson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GSTM1 and GSTM5 Genetic Polymorphisms and Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Curr Eye Res (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3109/02713683.2015.1016179"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2015.1016179"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25897651"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25897651"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiping Chen, Kaihua Liu, Jingwen Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "c-Jun NH"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sub"}], "href": "sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sub"}], "href": "/sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": " -Terminal Protein Kinase Phosphorylates the Nrf2-ECH Homology 6 Domain of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and Downregulates Cytoprotective Genes in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatology (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/hep.31116"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31116"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31945188"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945188"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tao Li, Dali Jiang, Kaijie Wu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "p62 promotes bladder cancer cell growth by activating KEAP1/NRF2-dependent antioxidative response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cas.14321"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.14321"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31967368"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31967368"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Noriko Nakamura, Chisato Mori, Edward M Eddy "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular complex of three testis-specific isozymes associated with the mouse sperm fibrous sheath: hexokinase 1, phosphofructokinase M, and glutathione S-transferase mu class 5."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Reprod (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1095/biolreprod.109.080580"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.109.080580"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19889946"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19889946"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christian Delles, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Wai Kwong Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione S-transferase variants and hypertension."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Hypertens (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282fe1d67"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282fe1d67"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18551009"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18551009"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hans-Juergen Schulten, Deema Hussein, Fatima Al-Adwani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microarray Expression Data Identify DCC as a Candidate Gene for Early Meningioma Progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0153681"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153681"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27096627"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27096627"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "V Shane Pankratz, Zhifu Sun, Jeremiah Aakre, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Systematic evaluation of genetic variants in three biological pathways on patient survival in low-stage non-small cell lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Thorac Oncol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/JTO.0b013e318223bf05"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318223bf05"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21792076"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21792076"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	GSTM5-5, GTM5
Proteins	GSTM5_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2949
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GSTM5 has 3,732 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 111 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GSTM5 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GSTM5 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GSTM5 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GSTM5 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GSTM5 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTM5 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTM5 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GSTM5 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GSTM5 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GSTM5 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with GSTM5 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GSTM5 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GSTM5 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with GSTM5 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM5 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of GSTM5 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by GSTM5 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with GSTM5 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GSTM5 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GSTM5 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GSTM5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for GSTM5 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GSTM5 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GSTM5 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTM5 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GSTM5 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTM5 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.