GTF2E2 Gene

HGNC Family	General transcription factors (GTF)
Name	general transcription factor IIE, polypeptide 2, beta 34kDa
Description	The general transcription factor IIE (TFIIE) is part of the RNA polymerase II transcription initiation complex, recruiting TFIIH and being essential for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase II. TFIIE is a heterodimer (and sometimes heterotetramer) of alpha and beta subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit of TFIIE. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n GTF2E2, which encodes the β‐subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIE, plays a central role in RNA polymerase II–mediated transcription by helping to orchestrate the transition from transcription initiation to early elongation. Its product participates in basal transcription by interacting with TFIIEα and other components of the pre‐initiation complex, where it facilitates conformational changes and stimulates the helicase activity of the XPB subunit of TFIIH, thereby promoting promoter opening (see also"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Mutations in GTF2E2 have been identified in individuals with non‐photosensitive trichothiodystrophy, where reduced levels of both TFIIE subunits and diminished phosphorylation of TFIIEα lead to temperature‐sensitive defects in transcription, highlighting its crucial role in ensuring proper RNA maturation independent of nucleotide excision repair."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, aberrant expression of GTF2E2 has been linked to oncogenic processes; for example, its elevated expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its capacity to upregulate cell cycle regulators such as CDC20 in glioblastoma suggest that, beyond its general transcriptional role, GTF2E2 may contribute to tumor proliferation and progression through activation of signaling pathways like AKT/ERK/mTOR."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, functional studies have implicated GTF2E2 in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus, and interaction analyses have confirmed its association with other transcription factors such as GTF2E1 and developmentally important regulators in model organisms, including Drosophila"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while evolutionary analyses predict orthologs in diverse species such as Plasmodium."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, genomic mapping studies have localized GTF2E2 within regions of clinical relevance for several human disorders"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and interactions revealed in proteomic analyses reinforce its integration within rate‐limiting transcriptional networks."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings underscore that GTF2E2 is indispensable for accurate transcription initiation and may influence disease pathogenesis through its diverse regulatory interactions.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T Okamoto, S Yamamoto, Y Watanabe, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of the role of TFIIE in transcriptional regulation through structure-function studies of the TFIIEbeta subunit."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (1998)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.273.31.19866"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.31.19866"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "9677423"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9677423"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yin C Lin, Jay D Gralla "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stimulation of the XPB ATP-dependent helicase by the beta subunit of TFIIE."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gki623"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki623"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15917439"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15917439"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christiane Kuschal, Elena Botta, Donata Orioli, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GTF2E2 Mutations Destabilize the General Transcription Factor Complex TFIIE in Individuals with DNA Repair-Proficient Trichothiodystrophy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26996949"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26996949"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arjan F Theil, Imke K Mandemaker, Emile van den Akker, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Trichothiodystrophy causative TFIIEβ mutation affects transcription in highly differentiated tissue."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddx351"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddx351"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28973399"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28973399"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kerstin Taniguchi Abagge, Felipe Haupenthal, Gabriella Yamashita Felber, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PIBIDS syndrome in two Brazilian siblings."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMJ Case Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/bcr-2017-223744"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-223744"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30580289"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580289"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yujie Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Bo Ai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GTF2E2 is a novel biomarker for recurrence after surgery and promotes progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via miR-139-5p/GTF2E2/FUS axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-021-02122-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-02122-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34853466"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34853466"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liangwang Yang, Wangyuan Zeng, Huamao Sun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioinformatical Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus Database Associates TAF7/CCNB1, TAF7/CCNA2, and GTF2E2/CDC20 Pathways with Glioblastoma Development and Prognosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World Neurosurg (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.159"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.159"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32147549"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32147549"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natallia Dziuba, Monique R Ferguson, William A O'Brien, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of cellular proteins required for replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1089/AID.2011.0358"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2011.0358"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22404213"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22404213"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Claudia Altamirano-Torres, Jannet E Salinas-Hernández, Diana L Cárdenas-Chávez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transcription factor TFIIEβ interacts with two exposed positions in helix 2 of the Antennapedia homeodomain to control homeotic function in Drosophila."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0205905"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205905"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30321227"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321227"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isabelle Callebaut, Karine Prat, Edwige Meurice, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prediction of the general transcription factors associated with RNA polymerase II in Plasmodium falciparum: conserved features and differences relative to other eukaryotes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Genomics (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2164-6-100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-6-100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16042788"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16042788"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Imbert, M Chaffanet, L Essioux, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integrated map of the chromosome 8p12-p21 region, a region involved in human cancers and Werner syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomics (1996)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/geno.1996.0073"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1996.0073"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "8786118"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8786118"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emanuel Gonçalves, Athanassios Fragoulis, Luz Garcia-Alonso, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Widespread Post-transcriptional Attenuation of Genomic Copy-Number Variation in Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Syst (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cels.2017.08.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2017.08.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29032074"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29032074"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	TFIIE-B, TTD6, TF2E2
Proteins	T2EB_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2961
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GTF2E2 has 5,646 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 112 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GTF2E2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GTF2E2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with GTF2E2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GTF2E2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GTF2E2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GTF2E2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GTF2E2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GTF2E2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GTF2E2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GTF2E2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GTF2E2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing GTF2E2 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GTF2E2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GTF2E2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving GTF2E2 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with GTF2E2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GTF2E2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GTF2E2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GTF2E2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GTF2E2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GTF2E2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GTF2E2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GTF2E2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GTF2E2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GTF2E2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GTF2E2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GTF2E2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with GTF2E2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GTF2E2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of GTF2E2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of GTF2E2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.