{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the long noncoding RNA HCG22 has been identified as significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Reduced HCG22 expression correlates with higher tumor grade, advanced TNM stage, and considerably shorter overall survival, suggesting that HCG22 may function as a tumor‐suppressive migration inhibitor. Functional assays showed that decreased HCG22 levels were associated with enhanced migratory ability of cancer cells, potentially mediated by its coexpression network involving genes such as SPINK7 and ADAMTS12."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), similar tumor‐suppressive functions for HCG22 have been uncovered. Studies demonstrated that low endogenous HCG22 expression in OSCC cells contributes to increased proliferation and invasion. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of HCG22 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion while inducing apoptosis. These antitumor effects were linked to decreased levels of proliferative and mesenchymal markers (e.g., PCNA and Vimentin), lower expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and concomitant increases in E-cadherin and pro-apoptotic Bax. Moreover, HCG22 overexpression was found to suppress critical oncogenic cascades such as the Akt, mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, an effect that was further substantiated by in vitro colony formation and in vivo xenograft assays."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), dysregulation of HCG22 has also been reported. Although its exact mechanistic role within thyroid tumorigenesis has yet to be fully elucidated, the aberrant expression pattern of HCG22 in PTC suggests that it may serve as a potential biomarker and a modulator of tumor behavior in this endocrine malignancy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xizhe Li, Xiaoxiong Xiao, Ruimin Chang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies lncRNA HCG22 as a migration inhibitor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.29218"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29218"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31236983"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31236983"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meng Wang, Zhigang Feng, Xiaoxi Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Assessment of multiple pathways involved in the inhibitory effect of HCG22 on oral squamous cell carcinoma progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biochem (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11010-021-04091-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04091-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33649984"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33649984"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yong Qiang Gao, Peng Wei Shi, Wen Kai Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression and mechanism of long non-coding RNA HCG22 in oral squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7518/hxkq.2021.06.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7518/hxkq.2021.06.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34859625"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34859625"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xuepeng Cao, Chuang Ma, Yang Wu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "lncRNA HCG22 regulated cell growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer via negatively modulating miR-425-5p."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endokrynol Pol (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.5603/ep.97425"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.97425"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38497386"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38497386"}]}]}]}