{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HCG4B is a long noncoding RNA located within a genomic region of the major histocompatibility complex that appears to contribute to the regulation of immune‐related gene expression. In a study investigating copy number variations associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common CNV (nsv823469) overlapping both HCG4B and the neighboring HLA‐A gene was shown to affect pulmonary gene expression. Specifically, individuals carrying a copy number loss of this region exhibited lower expression levels of HCG4B and HLA‐A in normal lung tissue, a change that was associated with improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and a decreased risk of COPD."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, these findings suggest that HCG4B may be involved in modulating local immune responses in lung tissue—potentially through a regulatory axis that includes HLA‐A—and could influence airway inflammation and pulmonary function. Such insights into gene dosage effects and epigenetic regulation are consistent with broader investigations into how structural and regulatory genomic variations contribute to disease pathogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaoliang Chen, Xiaoxiao Lu, Jiansong Chen, et al. 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