HLA-DPA1 Gene

HGNC Family	Histocompatibility complex (HLA), Immunoglobulin superfamily domain containing
Name	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
Description	HLA-DPA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta (DPB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DP molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HLA‐DPA1 is a gene encoding one subunit of the HLA‐DP heterodimer, a classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule that is expressed primarily on antigen‐presenting cells. In this capacity, HLA‐DPA1 partners with HLA‐DPB1 to bind and present peptide antigens to CD4+ T lymphocytes, thereby orchestrating adaptive immune responses. A number of large-scale genetic studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in the HLA‐DP region—often analyzed in conjunction with HLA‐DPB1—are strongly associated with immune‐mediated disease outcomes. For example, fine‐mapping of the MHC in rheumatoid arthritis has revealed that while variations in other class II molecules dominate the risk profile, the overall architecture of antigen presentation emphasizes critical residues within the peptide‐binding grooves, underscoring how even subtle variability can influence immune recognition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In chronic hepatitis B, specific HLA‐DPA1 variants and haplotypes have been repeatedly associated with either increased susceptibility to persistent infection or protection via more efficient viral clearance, suggesting that the repertoire of peptides presented is a key determinant of the host’s antiviral immune response"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ";"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ";"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ";."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, associations between HLA‐DP alleles and vaccine‐induced antibody responses, as observed in measles immunization studies, further support a role for HLA‐DPA1 in modulating the quality and magnitude of adaptive immunity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these investigations highlight that HLA‐DPA1 contributes to immune function primarily by shaping antigen presentation, thereby influencing the host’s susceptibility to infections and the effectiveness of vaccine responses. This central role in immune regulation makes HLA‐DPA1 not only a key player in disease etiology but also a potential target for immunomodulatory therapies.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Soumya Raychaudhuri, Cynthia Sandor, Eli A Stahl, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Five amino acids in three HLA proteins explain most of the association between MHC and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.1076"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1076"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22286218"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22286218"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoichiro Kamatani, Sukanya Wattanapokayakit, Hidenori Ochi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A genome-wide association study identifies variants in the HLA-DP locus associated with chronic hepatitis B in Asians."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.348"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.348"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19349983"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349983"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nao Nishida, Hiromi Sawai, Kentaro Matsuura, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study confirming association of HLA-DP with protection against chronic hepatitis B and viral clearance in Japanese and Korean."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0039175"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039175"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22737229"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22737229"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiuchan Guo, Yong Zhang, Ji Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Strong influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP gene variants on development of persistent chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in the Han Chinese population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatology (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/hep.24048"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24048"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21274863"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21274863"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jin Li, Daguo Yang, Yongwen He, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Associations of HLA-DP variants with hepatitis B virus infection in southern and northern Han Chinese populations: a multicenter case-control study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0024221"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024221"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21904616"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21904616"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "G A Poland, I G Ovsyannikova, R M Jacobson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of an association between HLA class II alleles and low antibody levels after measles immunization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vaccine (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00346-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(01"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00346-2) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11672906"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11672906"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	DP(W4), DP(W3), HLA-DP1A, HLADP, PLT1, HLASB
Proteins	DPA1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3113
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

HLA-DPA1 has 8,213 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 111 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for HLA-DPA1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

HLA-DPA1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by HLA-DPA1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of HLA-DPA1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with HLA-DPA1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with HLA-DPA1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HLA-DPA1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of HLA-DPA1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of HLA-DPA1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of HLA-DPA1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of HLA-DPA1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing HLA-DPA1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing HLA-DPA1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with HLA-DPA1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with HLA-DPA1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with HLA-DPA1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with HLA-DPA1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by HLA-DPA1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for HLA-DPA1 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with HLA-DPA1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with HLA-DPA1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing HLA-DPA1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with HLA-DPA1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of HLA-DPA1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with HLA-DPA1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing HLA-DPA1 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of HLA-DPA1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.