HNRNPF Gene

HGNC Family	RNA binding motif containing (RBM)
Name	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F
Description	This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins that complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and regulate alternative splicing, polyadenylation, and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs which have guanosine-rich sequences. This protein is very similar to the family member hnRPH. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNPF) is emerging as a versatile regulator of alternative splicing that functions by recognizing and binding G‐rich RNA motifs—including short G tracts and RNA G‐quadruplex structures—to modulate exon inclusion or skipping in a context‐dependent manner. Structural studies have revealed that its quasi–RNA recognition motifs (qRRMs) “encage” G‐tracts, thereby maintaining these sequences in a single–stranded conformation optimal for splicing regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Functionally, hnRNPF directly interacts with regulatory elements in pre-mRNAs to influence important cellular processes. For example, binding of hnRNPF to a 30-nucleotide G-rich element in the Bcl-x pre-mRNA supports the production of the proapoptotic Bcl-x(S) isoform, which is critical for apoptosis control."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, hnRNPF promotes inclusion of exon 11 in the insulin receptor transcript through its affinity for GA-rich enhancers, thereby affecting receptor isoform expression and downstream metabolic signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In oncogenic contexts, hnRNPF is recruited by factors such as the histone demethylase JMJD1A to a cryptic exon within the androgen receptor pre-mRNA, facilitating the alternative splicing that generates the oncogenic AR-V7 variant in prostate cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, hnRNPF binding to RNA G-quadruplex structures has been implicated in regulating an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated splicing switch—in particular, modulating CD44 isoform expression—to ultimately suppress EMT and associate with improved clinical outcomes in breast cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings establish hnRNPF as a critical RNA-binding splicing factor whose ability to recognize defined G-rich elements is central to fine-tuning gene expression programs that govern apoptosis, metabolic regulation, and cancer progression.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cyril Dominguez, Jean-François Fisette, Benoit Chabot, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural basis of G-tract recognition and encaging by hnRNP F quasi-RRMs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Struct Mol Biol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nsmb.1814"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1814"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20526337"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20526337"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniel Garneau, Timothée Revil, Jean-François Fisette, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F/H proteins modulate the alternative splicing of the apoptotic mediator Bcl-x."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M501070200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M501070200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15837790"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15837790"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Indrani Talukdar, Supriya Sen, Rodolfo Urbano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "hnRNP A1 and hnRNP F modulate the alternative splicing of exon 11 of the insulin receptor gene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0027869"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027869"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22132154"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22132154"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lingling Fan, Fengbo Zhang, Songhui Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histone demethylase JMJD1A promotes alternative splicing of AR variant 7 (AR-V7) in prostate cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1802415115"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802415115"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29712835"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29712835"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huilin Huang, Jing Zhang, Samuel E Harvey, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNA G-quadruplex secondary structure promotes alternative splicing via the RNA-binding protein hnRNPF."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.305862.117"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.305862.117"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29269483"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29269483"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	HNRPF, OK/SW-CL.23, MCS94-1
Proteins	HNRPF_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3185
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

HNRNPF has 10,858 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 120 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for HNRNPF from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

HNRNPF Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of HNRNPF gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with HNRNPF protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with HNRNPF gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HNRNPF gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of HNRNPF gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of HNRNPF gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of HNRNPF gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing HNRNPF protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing HNRNPF protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with HNRNPF protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with HNRNPF protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing HNRNPF protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with HNRNPF gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with HNRNPF gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with HNRNPF gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of HNRNPF protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by HNRNPF gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with HNRNPF gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with HNRNPF gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with HNRNPF gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with HNRNPF gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at HNRNPF gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HNRNPF gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of HNRNPF gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing HNRNPF from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of HNRNPF gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with HNRNPF gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing HNRNPF from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.