| Name | HORMA domain containing 2 |
| Description | Predicted to be involved in meiotic cell cycle and meiotic sister chromatid cohesion. Located in centrosome; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HORMAD2 is a meiosis‐specific HORMA‐domain protein that plays a crucial role in monitoring homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiotic prophase. In normal meiosis, HORMAD2 preferentially localizes to unsynapsed chromosome axes where it helps recruit and concentrate the checkpoint kinase ATR, thereby facilitating a surveillance mechanism that monitors asynapsis and ensures proper progression through meiotic prophase (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the absence or dysfunction of HORMAD2, ATR fails to efficiently accumulate on unsynapsed chromatin, which disrupts key processes such as sex body formation in spermatocytes and the quality control of meiotic chromosomal events; this aberrant checkpoint signaling can lead to the elimination of defective germ cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its fundamental role in meiosis, HORMAD2 has been identified as a cancer/testis antigen. Aberrant expression and genetic variations in HORMAD2 have been observed in lung cancer, where they are associated with prognostic outcomes. These findings suggest that, although its normal function is confined to germ cells, dysregulation of HORMAD2 in somatic tissues may contribute to tumorigenesis and impact the genomic maintenance mechanisms that are normally active during meiosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lukasz Wojtasz, Katrin Daniel, Ignasi Roig, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mouse HORMAD1 and HORMAD2, two conserved meiotic chromosomal proteins, are depleted from synapsed chromosome axes with the help of TRIP13 AAA-ATPase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1000702"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000702"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19851446"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19851446"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lukasz Wojtasz, Jeffrey M Cloutier, Marek Baumann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meiotic DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome asynapsis in mice are monitored by distinct HORMAD2-independent and -dependent mechanisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.187559.112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.187559.112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22549958"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22549958"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroshi Kogo, Makiko Tsutsumi, Hidehito Inagaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HORMAD2 is essential for synapsis surveillance during meiotic prophase via the recruitment of ATR activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/gtc.12005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23039116"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23039116"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kai Zhang, Shaowen Tang, Songyu Cao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of polymorphisms at HORMAD2 and prognosis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Epidemiol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.canep.2014.03.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2014.03.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24797335"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24797335"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mingxi Liu, Jiaping Chen, Lingmin Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HORMAD2/CT46.2, a novel cancer/testis gene, is ectopically expressed in lung cancer tissues."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Hum Reprod (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/molehr/gas033"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gas033"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22893617"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22893617"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | CT46.2 |
| Proteins | HORM2_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 150280 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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HORMAD2 has 2,501 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 80 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for HORMAD2 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of HORMAD2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with HORMAD2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HORMAD2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of HORMAD2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of HORMAD2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing HORMAD2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing HORMAD2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with HORMAD2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with HORMAD2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with HORMAD2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations | traits associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by HORMAD2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with HORMAD2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with HORMAD2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at HORMAD2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HORMAD2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of HORMAD2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing HORMAD2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with HORMAD2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing HORMAD2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving HORMAD2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving HORMAD2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving HORMAD2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing HORMAD2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing HORMAD2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing HORMAD2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with HORMAD2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HORMAD2 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with HORMAD2 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for HORMAD2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of HORMAD2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of HORMAD2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain HORMAD2 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by HORMAD2 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting HORMAD2 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of HORMAD2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by HORMAD2 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving HORMAD2 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving HORMAD2 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with HORMAD2 protein in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at HORMAD2 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of HORMAD2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of HORMAD2 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of HORMAD2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of HORMAD2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of HORMAD2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of HORMAD2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of HORMAD2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with HORMAD2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with HORMAD2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving HORMAD2 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
