ILF3 Gene

Name	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3, 90kDa
Description	This gene encodes a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that complexes with other proteins, dsRNAs, small noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs to regulate gene expression and stabilize mRNAs. This protein (NF90, ILF3) forms a heterodimer with a 45 kDa transcription factor (NF45, ILF2) required for T-cell expression of interleukin 2. This complex has been shown to affect the redistribution of nuclear mRNA to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of NF45 or NF90 protein retards cell growth, possibly by inhibition of mRNA stabilization. In contrast, an isoform (NF110) of this gene that is predominantly restricted to the nucleus has only minor effects on cell growth when its levels are reduced. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n ILF3, an essential gene encoding the NF90/NF110 proteins, functions as a multifaceted RNA‐binding regulator that orchestrates diverse post‐transcriptional processes. In activated lymphocytes, ILF3 binds AU‐rich elements in the 3′ untranslated region of key mRNAs—such as interleukin‐2—thereby enhancing mRNA stability and translation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In conditions of oxidative stress, ILF3 also associates with transcripts like that of MKP-1 to promote their stability and efficient translation, contributing to proper stress responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, ILF3 participates in RNA processing pathways: it is found in complexes with DGCR8 that regulate microRNA biogenesis and in nuclear assemblies that modulate let-7 maturation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of viral infection, ILF3 plays a proviral role by binding structured elements in the dengue virus 3′ stem loop, which fosters viral RNA accumulation and production of infectious progeny."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its importance in cell differentiation is underscored by its ability to bind and stabilize mRNAs encoding critical myogenic regulators (such as p21WAF1/CIP1 and MyoD), a function that is indispensable for proper skeletal muscle development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, in multiple myeloma cells, ILF3 mRNA stability is enhanced by m6A‐reader proteins like HNRNPA2B1, linking ILF3 to cell proliferation via downstream targets such as AKT3."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, interactions between ILF3 and other RNA-processing enzymes (for example, ADAR1) suggest a role for ILF3 in coupling RNA editing with gene expression regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies reveal ILF3 as a central player in RNA metabolism, immune regulation, viral propagation, and differentiation through its versatile capabilities in mRNA stabilization, translation control, and microRNA processing.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P N Kao, L Chen, G Brock, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cloning and expression of cyclosporin A- and FK506-sensitive nuclear factor of activated T-cells: NF45 and NF90."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (1994)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "7519613"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7519613"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jaekyung Shim, Hanjo Lim, John R Yates, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear export of NF90 is required for interleukin-2 mRNA stabilization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00730-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00730-x) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12504009"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12504009"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuki Kuwano, Hyeon Ho Kim, Kotb Abdelmohsen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MKP-1 mRNA stabilization and translational control by RNA-binding proteins HuR and NF90."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.00165-08"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00165-08"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18490444"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18490444"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aiko Shiohama, Takashi Sasaki, Setsuko Noda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleolar localization of DGCR8 and identification of eleven DGCR8-associated proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.020"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.020"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17765891"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17765891"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Verena Haselmann, Alexandra Kurz, Uwe Bertsch, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear death receptor TRAIL-R2 inhibits maturation of let-7 and promotes proliferation of pancreatic and other tumor cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24120475"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24120475"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Raúl C Gomila, Glover W Martin, Lee Gehrke "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NF90 binds the dengue virus RNA 3' terminus and is a positive regulator of dengue virus replication."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0016687"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016687"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21386893"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21386893"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lingfang Shi, Guohua Zhao, Daoming Qiu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NF90 regulates cell cycle exit and terminal myogenic differentiation by direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region of MyoD and p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNAs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M411034200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411034200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15746098"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15746098"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fengjie Jiang, Xiaozhu Tang, Chao Tang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HNRNPA2B1 promotes multiple myeloma progression by increasing AKT3 expression via m6A-dependent stabilization of ILF3 mRNA."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Hematol Oncol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13045-021-01066-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01066-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33794982"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33794982"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yongzhan Nie, Li Ding, Peter N Kao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ADAR1 interacts with NF90 through double-stranded RNA and regulates NF90-mediated gene expression independently of RNA editing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.25.16.6956-6963.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.16.6956-6963.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16055709"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16055709"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	NFAR2, NFAR, NF110B, MMP4, NF90B, DRBF, NFAR-1, TCP110, NF90, NF-AT-90, NF110, MPP4, DRBP76, NF90A, TCP80, MPHOSPH4, CBTF
Proteins	ILF3_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3609
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ILF3 has 12,085 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 130 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ILF3 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ILF3 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ILF3 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ILF3 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ILF3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ILF3 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ILF3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ILF3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ILF3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing ILF3 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ILF3 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ILF3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ILF3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ILF3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ILF3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ILF3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ILF3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing ILF3 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ILF3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ILF3 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ILF3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ILF3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ILF3 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ILF3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ILF3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ILF3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ILF3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ILF3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ILF3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ILF3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ILF3 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ILF3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ILF3 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.