IMPDH2 Gene

Name	IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) dehydrogenase 2
Description	This gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. It is thus involved in maintaining cellular guanine deoxy- and ribonucleotide pools needed for DNA and RNA synthesis. The encoded protein catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of inosine-5'-monophosphate into xanthine-5'-monophosphate, which is then converted into guanosine-5'-monophosphate. This gene is up-regulated in some neoplasms, suggesting it may play a role in malignant transformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Inosine 5′‐monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, making it essential for maintaining the intracellular GTP pool required for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and overall cellular proliferation. IMPDH2 is frequently upregulated and transcriptionally induced by oncogenic signals such as c‐Myc, thereby promoting S‐phase progression, tumor growth, and chemoresistance in a variety of cancers – including melanoma, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, and prostate cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its expression can be further regulated by signaling cascades such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38 MAPK pathways, integrating IMPDH2 into broader networks that control cell cycle transitions and metabolic reprogramming."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Under conditions of metabolic stress or upon pharmacologic inhibition—by agents like mycophenolic acid or ribavirin—IMPDH2 can assemble into distinct filamentous structures known as “rods and rings”. These supramolecular assemblies modify the enzyme’s sensitivity to feedback inhibition, thereby influencing nucleotide pool balance, cell cycle progression, and immunosuppressive responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, IMPDH2 serves as a nodal point in crosstalk between metabolism and cell motility; for instance, local IMPDH2 activity has been shown to regulate the activation of RAC1 in cell protrusions, linking purine metabolism to invasive behavior."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Genetic variability and somatic mutations in IMPDH2 yield functional consequences that can impact enzyme kinetics and stability. Such variants have been associated with differences in immunosuppressive drug responsiveness in transplant recipients"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and emerging data even link rare deleterious mutations in IMPDH2 to neurological conditions such as dystonia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, aberrant expression of IMPDH2 is increasingly recognized as a useful prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in diverse malignancies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies establish IMPDH2 as a multifaceted regulator that not only drives nucleotide biosynthesis and supports rapid cellular proliferation but also orchestrates critical responses to metabolic and pharmacologic stress. Through its integration with key signaling pathways and regulatory complexes, IMPDH2 influences tumor aggressiveness, immune modulation, and even aspects of neural development, thereby underscoring its importance as both a biomarker and a potential target for therapeutic intervention."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "20"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yen-Chun Liu, Feng Li, Jesse Handler, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Global regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic genes by c-Myc."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0002722"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002722"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18628958"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18628958"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sudha Mannava, Vladimir Grachtchouk, Linda J Wheeler, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenetics of the mycophenolic acid targets inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases IMPDH1 and IMPDH2: gene sequence variation and functional genomics."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Br J Pharmacol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00987.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00987.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20718729"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20718729"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jonathan I Lake, Marina Avetisyan, Albert G Zimmermann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neural crest requires Impdh2 for development of the enteric nervous system, great vessels, and craniofacial skeleton."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Biol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.11.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.11.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26546974"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26546974"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Kuukasjärvi, Juan C Landoni, Jyrki Kaukonen, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The role of IMP dehydrogenase 2 in Inauhzin-induced ribosomal stress."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.03077"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03077"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25347121"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25347121"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	IMPDH-II, IMPD2
Proteins	IMDH2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3615
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

IMPDH2 has 11,158 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 123 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for IMPDH2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

IMPDH2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by IMPDH2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with IMPDH2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with IMPDH2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IMPDH2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of IMPDH2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of IMPDH2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with IMPDH2 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing IMPDH2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing IMPDH2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing IMPDH2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with IMPDH2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with IMPDH2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with IMPDH2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with IMPDH2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IMPDH2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with IMPDH2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with IMPDH2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with IMPDH2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IMPDH2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with IMPDH2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for IMPDH2 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at IMPDH2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IMPDH2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of IMPDH2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing IMPDH2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IMPDH2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IMPDH2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IMPDH2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with IMPDH2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing IMPDH2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.