IRF6 Gene

Name	interferon regulatory factor 6
Description	This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. Family members share a highly-conserved N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain and a less conserved C-terminal protein-binding domain. The encoded protein may be a transcriptional activator. Mutations in this gene can cause van der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome. Mutations in this gene are also associated with non-syndromic orofacial cleft type 6. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is a transcription factor that, unlike other members of the IRF family classically involved in antiviral responses, plays a critical role in regulating epithelial differentiation and development. IRF6 is essential for orchestrating the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation, ensuring proper periderm formation and oral epithelium maturation. These processes are necessary for correct fusion of the lip and palate during embryogenesis, with dysregulation of IRF6 linked to orofacial clefting disorders such as Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes as well as nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the epidermis, IRF6 functions as a key mediator downstream of p63, engaging in a feedback regulatory loop that limits keratinocyte proliferation and promotes differentiation; this mechanism is critical both for normal craniofacial development and for suppression of tumorigenesis in stratified epithelia (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Genetic variants and mutations in IRF6 are consistently associated with defects in orofacial morphogenesis, highlighting its pivotal role in palate fusion. In both animal models and human genetic studies, loss or alteration of IRF6 activity disrupts epithelial integrity—leading to a failure of periderm differentiation—and, consequently, causes cleft lip and/or palate (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, IRF6 interacts with additional key regulators–including GRHL3, AP-2α, and TGF-β signaling components—to modulate epidermal and craniofacial development, further emphasizing its multifaceted role in maintaining epithelial homeostasis (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its developmental functions, IRF6 dysregulation has been implicated in oncogenic processes. For example, mutational alterations in IRF6 have been found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma where impaired differentiation and aberrant proliferation of epithelial cells contribute to malignancy (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies underscore the central role of IRF6 as an integrator of signaling networks that govern epithelial differentiation, fusion events in craniofacial development, and tumor suppression in stratified tissues.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shinji Kondo, Brian C Schutte, Rebecca J Richardson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in IRF6 cause Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng985"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng985"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12219090"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12219090"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Theresa M Zucchero, Margaret E Cooper, Brion S Maher, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene variants and the risk of isolated cleft lip or palate."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Engl J Med (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1056/NEJMoa032909"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032909"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15317890"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15317890"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fedik Rahimov, Mary L Marazita, Axel Visel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Disruption of an AP-2alpha binding site in an IRF6 enhancer is associated with cleft lip."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.242"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.242"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18836445"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18836445"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ji Wan Park, Iain McIntosh, Jacqueline B Hetmanski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association between IRF6 and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in four populations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genet Med (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/gim.0b013e3180423cca"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gim.0b013e3180423cca"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17438386"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17438386"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Astanand Jugessur, Fedik Rahimov, Rolv T Lie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic variants in IRF6 and the risk of facial clefts: single-marker and haplotype-based analyses in a population-based case-control study of facial clefts in Norway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genet Epidemiol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/gepi.20314"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.20314"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18278815"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18278815"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Helen A Thomason, Huiqing Zhou, Evelyn N Kouwenhoven, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cooperation between the transcription factors p63 and IRF6 is essential to prevent cleft palate in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI40266"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI40266"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20424327"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20424327"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christopher R Ingraham, Akira Kinoshita, Shinji Kondo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Abnormal skin, limb and craniofacial morphogenesis in mice deficient for interferon regulatory factor 6 (Irf6)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng1903"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1903"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17041601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17041601"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rebecca J Richardson, Jill Dixon, Saimon Malhotra, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Irf6 is a key determinant of the keratinocyte proliferation-differentiation switch."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng1894"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1894"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17041603"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17041603"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gaetana Restivo, Bach-Cuc Nguyen, Piotr Dziunycz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IRF6 is a mediator of Notch pro-differentiation and tumour suppressive function in keratinocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/emboj.2011.325"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.325"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21909072"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21909072"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rebecca J Richardson, Jill Dixon, Rulang Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integration of IRF6 and Jagged2 signalling is essential for controlling palatal adhesion and fusion competence."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddp201"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp201"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19439425"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439425"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Renata L L Ferreira de Lima, Sarah A Hoper, Michella Ghassibe, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prevalence and nonrandom distribution of exonic mutations in interferon regulatory factor 6 in 307 families with Van der Woude syndrome and 37 families with popliteal pterygium syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genet Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/GIM.0b013e318197a49a"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GIM.0b013e318197a49a"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19282774"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19282774"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gabriel de la Garza, Jack Robert Schleiffarth, Martine Dunnwald, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interferon regulatory factor 6 promotes differentiation of the periderm by activating expression of Grainyhead-like 3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Invest Dermatol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/jid.2012.269"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.269"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22931925"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22931925"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Caleb M Bailey, Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis, Shinji Kondo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) binds directly to interferon regulatory factor 6: identification of a novel serpin partnership."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M503523200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M503523200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16049006"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16049006"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicolas Stransky, Ann Marie Egloff, Aaron D Tward, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1208130"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208130"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21798893"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21798893"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elisabetta Botti, Giulia Spallone, Francesca Moretti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Developmental factor IRF6 exhibits tumor suppressor activity in squamous cell carcinomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1110931108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110931108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21807998"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21807998"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	LPS, PIT, PPS1, PPS, VWS, VWS1, OFC6
Proteins	IRF6_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3664
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

IRF6 has 8,179 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 124 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for IRF6 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

IRF6 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by IRF6 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving IRF6 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of IRF6 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IRF6 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with IRF6 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with IRF6 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IRF6 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of IRF6 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of IRF6 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with IRF6 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with IRF6 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of IRF6 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing IRF6 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing IRF6 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with IRF6 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with IRF6 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of IRF6 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with IRF6 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with IRF6 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IRF6 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of IRF6 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by IRF6 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving IRF6 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with IRF6 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with IRF6 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with IRF6 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with IRF6 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IRF6 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with IRF6 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at IRF6 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IRF6 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.