{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Isochorismatase domain‐containing protein 1 (ISOC1) is a conserved protein harboring an isochorismatase domain whose precise biochemical role is not yet fully defined. Recent studies, however, implicate ISOC1 in several context‐dependent cellular processes. In human cancers, for example, elevated ISOC1 expression has been associated with enhanced proliferation and migration in colorectal ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], gastric ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "] and pancreatic tissues ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], suggesting an oncogenic function in these settings. In contrast, in hepatocellular carcinoma, ISOC1 is downregulated and its enforced expression inhibits growth and migration, indicating a potential tumor‐suppressive role ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In breast cancer models, ISOC1 has also been identified as a regulator of cell growth and migration ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond cancer, ISOC1 may be involved in metabolic regulation. Its association with the human liver peroxisome proteome points to a participation in yet‐to‐be–characterized metabolic pathways ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In addition, proteomic profiling in neutrophil lineages has identified ISOC1 as a putative target of miR‐130a, suggesting a role in immune cell development ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In murine models, a chromosomal inversion generating Fbn2–Isoc1 fusion transcripts (the Mp mutation) leads to nonsense‐mediated decay of the Isoc1 component, and studies indicate that complete loss of ISOC1 does not overtly disrupt development, implying a non‐essential role in embryogenesis or possible redundancy in developmental pathways ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Network analyses in Alzheimer’s disease have further identified ISOC1 as a hub gene in modules enriched for energy metabolism and neurological signaling, underscoring its potential involvement in neurodegenerative processes ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Moreover, studies examining the effects of endocrine disruptors on reproductive tissues have found that ISOC1 is among a group of genes whose altered expression may serve as a biomarker for toxicant exposure ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "], and in uterine leiomyoma, deregulated ISOC1 expression further supports its potential diagnostic or prognostic value ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, activity‐based protein profiling in the context of viral replication has also identified differential regulation of ISOC1, suggesting that its function might extend to host–virus interactions ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Collectively, these findings indicate that ISOC1 functions in a context‐dependent manner—potentially modulating metabolic processes, cell proliferation, and stress responses—with diverse roles in cancer progression, neurodegeneration, immune cell development, and possibly host defense.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bo Gao, Lianmei Zhao, Feifei Wang, et al. 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