| Name | IZUMO1 receptor, JUNO |
| Description | Enables signaling receptor activity. Involved in fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n IZUMO1R, also known as JUNO, is an essential receptor protein expressed on the oocyte plasma membrane that mediates the critical recognition and adhesion step in mammalian fertilization by binding the sperm surface protein IZUMO1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " This receptor was originally identified as a member of the folate receptor family (folate receptor 4) but its primary function in this context is not folate uptake; rather, it facilitates sperm–egg interaction. Detailed structural studies, including crystal structure analyses of human IZUMO1, JUNO, and the IZUMO1–JUNO complex, have provided insights into the molecular basis of this binding and revealed conformational changes that are likely critical for high‐affinity adhesion and for the subsequent membrane fusion events required for fertilization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The essential role of IZUMO1R/JUNO is further underscored by the observation that disruption or mutation in the IZUMO1R gene in both mice and humans leads to fertilization failure or abnormal events such as polyspermy, emphasizing its indispensable role in ensuring monospermic fertilization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, structural and functional analyses indicate that the correct spatial distribution and timely removal (shedding) of JUNO from the oocyte surface contributes not only to the sperm recognition process but also to the block against polyspermy once a single sperm has successfully fused."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, studies investigating the dynamics of protein complex formation on sperm membranes demonstrate that, although IZUMO1 is central to gamete adhesion, its binding to JUNO appears to be part of a broader multimeric protein complex that may recruit or organize additional factors necessary for the fusion process. This notion is supported by findings that alterations in IZUMO1 conformation and its association with other proteins are tightly linked with its interaction with JUNO, thereby triggering the cascade of events leading to gamete fusion and successful fertilization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, population-based genetic analyses reveal that the JUNO/IZUMO1R gene is highly conserved in mammalian species. Its conservation, combined with a dominant haplotype observed across different human populations, underscores its potential as a highly specific target for novel contraceptive strategies or infertility treatments."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Enrica Bianchi, Brendan Doe, David Goulding, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature13203"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13203"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24739963"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739963"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Umeharu Ohto, Hanako Ishida, Elena Krayukhina, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structure of IZUMO1-JUNO reveals sperm-oocyte recognition during mammalian fertilization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature18596"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18596"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27309808"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27309808"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Halil Aydin, Azmiri Sultana, Sheng Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular architecture of the human sperm IZUMO1 and egg JUNO fertilization complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature18595"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18595"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27309818"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27309818"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengru Yu, Han Zhao, Tailai Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutational analysis of IZUMO1R in women with fertilization failure and polyspermy after in vitro fertilization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Assist Reprod Genet (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10815-017-1101-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-017-1101-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29243140"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29243140"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Banri Suzuki, Yukou Sugano, Jun Ito, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Location and expression of Juno in mice oocytes during maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "JBRA Assist Reprod (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.5935/1518-0557.20170065"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20170065"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29124919"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29124919"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Taichi Noda, Yonggang Lu, Yoshitaka Fujihara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sperm proteins SOF1, TMEM95, and SPACA6 are required for sperm-oocyte fusion in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1922650117"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922650117"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32393636"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32393636"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Avinash S Gaikwad, Amanda L Anderson, D Jo Merriner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GLIPR1L1 is an IZUMO-binding protein required for optimal fertilization in the mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Biol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12915-019-0701-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-019-0701-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31672133"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31672133"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jessica Allingham, Wely B Floriano "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic diversity in the IZUMO1-JUNO protein-receptor pair involved in human reproduction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260692"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260692"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34879103"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34879103"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | FOLBP3, FOLR4, JUNO |
| Proteins | JUNO_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 390243 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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IZUMO1R has 2,069 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 57 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for IZUMO1R from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of IZUMO1R gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with IZUMO1R gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IZUMO1R gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of IZUMO1R gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of IZUMO1R gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing IZUMO1R protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing IZUMO1R protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with IZUMO1R protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with IZUMO1R protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of IZUMO1R gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with IZUMO1R gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with IZUMO1R gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with IZUMO1R gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with IZUMO1R gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with IZUMO1R gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at IZUMO1R gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IZUMO1R gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of IZUMO1R gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing IZUMO1R from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing IZUMO1R from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving IZUMO1R gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving IZUMO1R gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing IZUMO1R protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by IZUMO1R gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for IZUMO1R protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes | phenotypes of mice caused by IZUMO1R gene knockout from the IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for IZUMO1R protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of IZUMO1R gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of IZUMO1R gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain IZUMO1R protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by IZUMO1R gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of IZUMO1R gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
| MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving IZUMO1R protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at IZUMO1R gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of IZUMO1R gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of IZUMO1R gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with IZUMO1R protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with IZUMO1R protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving IZUMO1R protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving IZUMO1R protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
