{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n KIF26B is a member of the kinesin superfamily that plays multifaceted roles in both normal embryonic development and cancer. In developmental contexts, KIF26B is essential for kidney organogenesis; it functions downstream of key transcription factors (such as Sall1) to regulate the adhesion of metanephric mesenchymal cells during ureteric bud attraction and branching morphogenesis. In the developing kidney, KIF26B promotes cell–cell adhesion—through interactions with nonmuscle myosin—and its properly timed degradation via phosphorylation and polyubiquitination (mediated by the E3 ligase Nedd4) is required for normal organ formation (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, enhancer-trap studies have shown that KIF26B is preferentially expressed in embryonic limb buds, facial regions, and somite derivatives, and de novo missense mutations that impair its ability to promote cell adhesion have been linked to neurodevelopmental anomalies such as microcephaly and pontocerebellar hypoplasia (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the cancer arena, aberrant overexpression of KIF26B has been observed in multiple tumor types—including gastric, breast, colorectal, ovarian, and non‐small cell lung cancers—and is generally associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor patient prognosis. In gastric cancer, for instance, KIF26B is up‐regulated in a stepwise manner from non-tumorous tissue to metastatic foci, where it promotes cell proliferation and metastasis via activation of the VEGF signaling pathway and is subject to negative regulation by miR-372."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in breast and colorectal cancers, higher KIF26B expression correlates with larger tumor size, higher grade, advanced stage, and serves as an independent prognostic marker"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In ovarian and non‐small cell lung cancers, functional studies have demonstrated that KIF26B not only enhances proliferation and cell cycle progression but also facilitates migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by modulating pathways such as TGF‑β signaling and the AKT/GSK‑3β/β‑catenin axis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Together, these findings establish KIF26B as a critical regulator of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics during embryogenesis and as a potent oncogene when dysregulated. Its diverse functions—ranging from orchestrating organ development via controlled adhesion to driving tumor progression through modulation of key signaling cascades—highlight its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in various human diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yukako Uchiyama, Masaji Sakaguchi, Takeshi Terabayashi, et al. 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