| HGNC Family | Keratin associated proteins (KRTAP) |
| Name | keratin associated protein 1-4 |
| Description | The main structural proteins of mammalian hair fiber are the hair keratins (see MIM 601077) and the keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), which form a rigid and resistant hair shaft through extensive disulfide bond crosslinking with the abundant cysteines of hair keratins (Shimomura et al., 2002 [PubMed 12228244]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Keratin‐associated proteins (KAPs) are essential structural components that embed keratin intermediate filaments within animal hair and wool fibers, thereby contributing to the mechanical strength and quality of these fibers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In particular, the KRTAP1‐4 gene—a member of the KAP1‐x family—has been shown to display significant allelic variation. Studies in sheep have revealed that KRTAP1‐4 exists as multiple alleles characterized by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including non‐synonymous changes that may alter the protein’s amino acid composition and structure."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Such structural variations are thought to influence wool characteristics, although associations with fiber traits have not always reached statistical significance, possibly due to limited sample sizes.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Similar investigations in goats have focused on the KAP1.4 gene (the caprine homolog of KRTAP1‐4), identifying breed‐specific polymorphisms that further underscore the role of genetic variation in modulating fiber properties."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, skin transcriptome analyses have demonstrated that genes encoding keratin-associated proteins are among the most highly expressed in sheep skin, reinforcing their fundamental role in hair and fiber physiology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to providing insights into species-specific fiber characteristics, the recent move to update the nomenclature for KAP genes—including KRTAP1‐4—facilitates more precise genetic identification and data retrieval across mammalian species."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies highlight that KRTAP1‐4 plays a critical role in the structural matrix of fibers and that its allelic diversity may contribute to variations in fiber quality.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hua Gong, Huitong Zhou, Grant W McKenzie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An updated nomenclature for keratin-associated proteins (KAPs)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biol Sci (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7150/ijbs.3278"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.3278"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22298953"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22298953"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hua Gong, Huitong Zhou, Jon G H Hickford "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphism of the ovine keratin-associated protein 1-4 gene (KRTAP1-4)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Rep (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11033-009-9925-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-009-9925-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19949873"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19949873"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R M Shah, T A S Ganai, F D Sheikh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization and polymorphism of keratin associated protein 1.4 gene in goats."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23266633"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23266633"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ruiwen Fan, Jianshan Xie, Junming Bai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Skin transcriptome profiles associated with coat color in sheep."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Genomics (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2164-14-389"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-389"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23758853"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23758853"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | KRTAP1.4, KAP1.4 |
| Proteins | KRA14_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 728255 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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KRTAP1-4 has 480 functional associations with biological entities spanning 7 categories (molecular profile, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 31 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for KRTAP1-4 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of KRTAP1-4 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of KRTAP1-4 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of KRTAP1-4 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of KRTAP1-4 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of KRTAP1-4 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing KRTAP1-4 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with KRTAP1-4 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with KRTAP1-4 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of KRTAP1-4 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with KRTAP1-4 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by KRTAP1-4 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with KRTAP1-4 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with KRTAP1-4 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at KRTAP1-4 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of KRTAP1-4 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of KRTAP1-4 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing KRTAP1-4 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with KRTAP1-4 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing KRTAP1-4 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of KRTAP1-4 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for KRTAP1-4 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of KRTAP1-4 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of KRTAP1-4 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of KRTAP1-4 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of KRTAP1-4 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving KRTAP1-4 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of KRTAP1-4 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of KRTAP1-4 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of KRTAP1-4 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with KRTAP1-4 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with KRTAP1-4 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
