{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n KRTAP2-3 is a keratin‐associated protein gene located in a cluster on chromosome 17q21.2 that appears to play a role in rapid cytoskeletal reorganization. In a study of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), depolymerization of F‐actin by latrunculin B led to a marked and swift up‐regulation of several keratin and keratin‐associated genes—including KRTAP2-3—within 15 minutes of treatment. This transcriptional activation is associated with a concomitant increase in the nuclear level of the transcription factor NKX2.5, which is predicted to regulate KRTAP2-3 along with other nearby keratin genes. The enhanced expression of KRTAP2-3, together with KRT14, KRT19, and KRT34, coincided with the formation of keratin intermediate filaments that peaked at around one hour after actin perturbation and preceded notable morphological changes in the cells. These findings suggest that KRTAP2-3 may contribute to remodeling the cytoskeletal framework during early cellular responses that influence cell shape and fate commitment—a process that has potential implications for designing MSC-based tissue engineering scaffolds. Similar patterns of keratin gene regulation are seen in biological contexts such as hair follicle development and fleece structure in animals, further underscoring the importance of keratin‐related gene networks in both structural and developmental processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaolong Kang, Gang Liu, Yufang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transcriptome profile at different physiological stages reveals potential mode for curly fleece in Chinese tan sheep."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0071763"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071763"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23990983"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23990983"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bin Liu, Fengqin Gao, Jun Guo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Microarray-Based Analysis Reveals that a Short Photoperiod Promotes Hair Growth in the Arbas Cashmere Goat."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0147124"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147124"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26814503"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26814503"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tzu-Hao Chang, Hsien-Da Huang, Wei-Kee Ong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The effects of actin cytoskeleton perturbation on keratin intermediate filament formation in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomaterials (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24513317"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24513317"}]}]}]}